Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /lib/udev/snappy-app-dev
#!/bin/sh
# udev callout to allow a snap to access a device node
set -e
# debugging
#exec >>/tmp/snap-device-helper.log
#exec 2>&1
#set -x
# end debugging

ACTION="$1"
APPNAME="$2"
DEVPATH="$3"
MAJMIN="$4"
[ -n "$APPNAME" ] || { echo "no app name given" >&2; exit 1; }
[ -n "$DEVPATH" ] || { echo "no devpath given" >&2; exit 1; }
[ -n "$MAJMIN" ] || { echo "no major/minor given" >&2; exit 0; }

NOSNAP="${APPNAME#snap_}"
[ "$NOSNAP" != "$APPNAME" ] || { echo "malformed appname $APPNAME" >&2; exit 1; }

# FIXME: this will break for instances that are called "hook" :(
# Handle hooks first, the nosnap part looks like this:
# - "$snap_hook_$hookname"
# - "$snap_$instance_hook_$hookname
# we need to make sure we change this to:
# - "$snap_hook.$hookname"
# - "$snap_$instance_hook.$hookname"
if [ -z "${NOSNAP##*_hook_hook_*}" ]; then
    # $instance is 'hook'; $snap_hook_hook.$hookname -> $snap_hook_hook.$hookname
    NOSNAP="${NOSNAP%_hook_*}_hook.${NOSNAP#*_hook_hook_}"
elif [ -z "${NOSNAP##*_hook_*}" ]; then
    # $snap_$instance_hook_$hookname -> $snap_$instance_hook.$hookname
    NOSNAP="${NOSNAP%_hook_*}_hook.${NOSNAP#*_hook_}"
fi

# Now deal with app/instance untangling
if [ "${NOSNAP#*_*_}" = "${NOSNAP}" ]; then
    # snap_<snap>_<app> -> snap.<snap>.<app>
    SNAPAPP="snap.${NOSNAP%_*}.${NOSNAP#*_}"
else
    # snap_<snap>_<instance>_<app> -> snap.<snap>_<instance>.<app>
    SNAPAPP="snap.${NOSNAP%_*}.${NOSNAP#*_*_}"
fi

DEVICES_CGROUP=${DEVICES_CGROUP:="/sys/fs/cgroup/devices"}
app_dev_cgroup="$DEVICES_CGROUP/$SNAPAPP"

# The cgroup is only present after snap start so ignore any cgroup changes
# (eg, 'add' on boot, hotplug, hotunplug) when the cgroup doesn't exist
# yet. LP: #1762182.
if [ ! -e "$app_dev_cgroup" ]; then
    exit 0
fi

# check if it's a block or char dev
# TODO: re-write this to be more robust, the bash variable substitution done 
# here is quite awkard :-/
if [ "${DEVPATH#*/block/}" != "$DEVPATH" ]; then
    type="b"
elif [ "${DEVPATH#*/nvme/nvme*/nvme*n*}" != "$DEVPATH" ]; then
    # char devices are .../nvme/nvme* but block devices are
    # .../nvme/nvme*/nvme*n* and .../nvme/nvme*/nvme*n*p*
    # so if have a device that has nvme/nvme*/nvme*n* in it,
    # treat it as a block device
    type="b"
else
    type="c"
fi

acl="$type $MAJMIN rwm"
case "$ACTION" in
    add|change)
        echo "$acl" > "$app_dev_cgroup/devices.allow"
        ;;
    remove)
        echo "$acl" > "$app_dev_cgroup/devices.deny"
        ;;
    *)
        echo "ERROR: unknown action $ACTION" >&2
        exit 1 ;;
esac

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