Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam  Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

Nuur Mahmudah; Khairunnisa

doi:10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin

DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817

Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /lib/udev/ifupdown-hotplug

#!/bin/sh -e
#
# run /sbin/{ifup,ifdown} with the --allow=hotplug option.
#

PATH='/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin'

if [ -x /usr/bin/logger ]; then
	LOGGER=/usr/bin/logger
elif [ -x /bin/logger ]; then
	LOGGER=/bin/logger
else
	unset LOGGER
fi

# for diagnostics
if [ -t 1 -a -z "$LOGGER" ] || [ ! -e '/dev/log' ]; then
	mesg() {
		echo "$@" >&2
	}
elif [ -t 1 ]; then
	mesg() {
		echo "$@"
		$LOGGER -t "${0##*/}[$$]" "$@"
	}
else
	mesg() {
		$LOGGER -t "${0##*/}[$$]" "$@"
	}
fi

if [ -z "$INTERFACE" ]; then
    mesg "Bad ifupdown udev helper invocation: \$INTERFACE is not set"
    exit 1
fi

check_program() {
    [ -x $1 ] && return 0

    mesg "ERROR: $1 not found. You need to install the ifupdown package."
    mesg "ifupdown udev helper $ACTION event for $INTERFACE not handled."
    exit 1
}

wait_for_interface() {
    local interface=$1
    local state

    while :; do
	read state /sys/class/net/$interface/operstate 2>/dev/null || true
	if [ "$state" != down ]; then
		return 0
	fi
	sleep 1
    done
}

net_ifup() {
    check_program /sbin/ifup

    # exit if the interface is not configured as allow-hotplug
    TARGET_IFACE=$(/sbin/ifquery --allow hotplug -l "$INTERFACE" || true)
    if [ -z "$TARGET_IFACE" ]; then
        exit 0
    fi

    if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
        exec systemctl --no-block start $(systemd-escape --template ifup@.service $TARGET_IFACE)
    fi

    wait_for_interface lo

    exec ifup --allow=hotplug $INTERFACE
}

net_ifdown() {
    check_program /sbin/ifdown

    # systemd will automatically ifdown the interface on device
    # removal by binding the instanced service to the network device
    if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
        exit 0
    fi

    exec ifdown --allow=hotplug $INTERFACE
}

do_everything() {

case "$ACTION" in
    add)
    # these interfaces generate hotplug events *after* they are brought up
    case $INTERFACE in
	ppp*|ippp*|isdn*|plip*|lo|irda*|ipsec*)
	exit 0 ;;
    esac

    net_ifup
    ;;

    remove)
    # the pppd persist option may have been used, so it should not be killed
    case $INTERFACE in
	ppp*)
	exit 0 ;;
    esac

    net_ifdown
    ;;

    *)
    mesg "NET $ACTION event not supported"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

}

# under systemd we don't do synchronous operations, so we can run in the
# foreground; we also need to, as forked children get killed right away under
# systemd
if [ -d /run/systemd/system ]; then
    do_everything
else
    # under sysvinit we need to fork as we start the long-running
    # "ifup". but there, forked processes won't get killed.
    # When udev_log="debug" stdout and stderr are pipes connected to udevd.
    # They need to be closed or udevd will wait for this process which will
    # deadlock with udevsettle until the timeout.
    exec > /dev/null 2> /dev/null
    do_everything &
fi

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