Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
set -f
LOG=""
DEBUG_LEVEL=1
LOG_D="/run/cloud-init"
ENABLE="enabled"
DISABLE="disabled"
FOUND="found"
NOTFOUND="notfound"
RUN_ENABLED_FILE="$LOG_D/$ENABLE"
CLOUD_SYSTEM_TARGET="/lib/systemd/system/cloud-init.target"
CLOUD_TARGET_NAME="cloud-init.target"
# lxc sets 'container', but lets make that explicitly a global
CONTAINER="${container}"
debug() {
local lvl="$1"
shift
[ "$lvl" -gt "$DEBUG_LEVEL" ] && return
if [ -z "$LOG" ]; then
local log="$LOG_D/${0##*/}.log"
{ [ -d "$LOG_D" ] || mkdir -p "$LOG_D"; } &&
{ : > "$log"; } >/dev/null 2>&1 && LOG="$log" ||
LOG="/dev/kmsg"
fi
echo "$@" >> "$LOG"
}
etc_file() {
local pprefix="${1:-/etc/cloud/cloud-init.}"
_RET="unset"
[ -f "${pprefix}$ENABLE" ] && _RET="$ENABLE" && return 0
[ -f "${pprefix}$DISABLE" ] && _RET="$DISABLE" && return 0
return 0
}
read_proc_cmdline() {
# return /proc/cmdline for non-container, and /proc/1/cmdline for container
local ctname="systemd"
if [ -n "$CONTAINER" ] && ctname=$CONTAINER ||
systemd-detect-virt --container --quiet; then
if { _RET=$(tr '\0' ' ' < /proc/1/cmdline); } 2>/dev/null; then
_RET_MSG="container[$ctname]: pid 1 cmdline"
return
fi
_RET=""
_RET_MSG="container[$ctname]: pid 1 cmdline not available"
return 0
fi
_RET_MSG="/proc/cmdline"
read _RET < /proc/cmdline
}
kernel_cmdline() {
local cmdline="" tok=""
if [ -n "${KERNEL_CMDLINE+x}" ]; then
# use KERNEL_CMDLINE if present in environment even if empty
cmdline=${KERNEL_CMDLINE}
debug 1 "kernel command line from env KERNEL_CMDLINE: $cmdline"
elif read_proc_cmdline; then
read_proc_cmdline && cmdline="$_RET"
debug 1 "kernel command line ($_RET_MSG): $cmdline"
fi
_RET="unset"
cmdline=" $cmdline "
tok=${cmdline##* cloud-init=}
[ "$tok" = "$cmdline" ] && _RET="unset"
tok=${tok%% *}
[ "$tok" = "$ENABLE" -o "$tok" = "$DISABLE" ] && _RET="$tok"
return 0
}
default() {
_RET="$ENABLE"
}
check_for_datasource() {
local ds_rc=""
local dsidentify="/usr/lib/cloud-init/ds-identify"
if [ ! -x "$dsidentify" ]; then
debug 1 "no ds-identify in $dsidentify. _RET=$FOUND"
return 0
fi
$dsidentify
ds_rc=$?
debug 1 "ds-identify rc=$ds_rc"
if [ "$ds_rc" = "0" ]; then
_RET="$FOUND"
debug 1 "ds-identify _RET=$_RET"
return 0
fi
_RET="$NOTFOUND"
debug 1 "ds-identify _RET=$_RET"
return 1
}
main() {
local normal_d="$1" early_d="$2" late_d="$3"
local target_name="multi-user.target" gen_d="$early_d"
local link_path="$gen_d/${target_name}.wants/${CLOUD_TARGET_NAME}"
local ds="$NOTFOUND"
debug 1 "$0 normal=$normal_d early=$early_d late=$late_d"
debug 2 "$0 $*"
local search result="error" ret=""
for search in kernel_cmdline etc_file default; do
if $search; then
debug 1 "$search found $_RET"
[ "$_RET" = "$ENABLE" -o "$_RET" = "$DISABLE" ] &&
result=$_RET && break
else
ret=$?
debug 0 "search $search returned $ret"
fi
done
# enable AND ds=found == enable
# enable AND ds=notfound == disable
# disable || <any> == disabled
if [ "$result" = "$ENABLE" ]; then
debug 1 "checking for datasource"
check_for_datasource
ds=$_RET
if [ "$ds" = "$NOTFOUND" ]; then
debug 1 "cloud-init is enabled but no datasource found, disabling"
result="$DISABLE"
fi
fi
if [ "$result" = "$ENABLE" ]; then
if [ -e "$link_path" ]; then
debug 1 "already enabled: no change needed"
else
[ -d "${link_path%/*}" ] || mkdir -p "${link_path%/*}" ||
debug 0 "failed to make dir $link_path"
if ln -snf "$CLOUD_SYSTEM_TARGET" "$link_path"; then
debug 1 "enabled via $link_path -> $CLOUD_SYSTEM_TARGET"
else
ret=$?
debug 0 "[$ret] enable failed:" \
"ln $CLOUD_SYSTEM_TARGET $link_path"
fi
fi
: > "$RUN_ENABLED_FILE"
elif [ "$result" = "$DISABLE" ]; then
if [ -f "$link_path" ]; then
if rm -f "$link_path"; then
debug 1 "disabled. removed existing $link_path"
else
ret=$?
debug 0 "[$ret] disable failed, remove $link_path"
fi
else
debug 1 "already disabled: no change needed [no $link_path]"
fi
if [ -e "$RUN_ENABLED_FILE" ]; then
rm -f "$RUN_ENABLED_FILE"
fi
else
debug 0 "unexpected result '$result' 'ds=$ds'"
ret=3
fi
return $ret
}
main "$@"
# vi: ts=4 expandtab
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