Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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# shellcheck shell=bash
#
# Copyright (C) 2017 Canonical Ltd
#
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#
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# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# _complete_from_snap performs the tab completion request by calling the
# appropriate 'snap run --command=complete' with serialized args, and
# deserializes the response into the usual tab completion result.
#
# How snap command completion works is:
# 1. snapd's complete.sh is sourced into the user's shell environment
# 2. user performs '<command> <tab>'. If '<command>' is a snap command,
# proceed to step '3', otherwise perform normal bash completion
# 3. run 'snap run --command=complete ...', converting bash completion
# environment into serialized command line arguments
# 4. 'snap run --command=complete ...' exec()s 'etelpmoc.sh' within the snap's
# runtime environment and confinement
# 5. 'etelpmoc.sh' takes the serialized command line arguments from step '3'
# and puts them back into the bash completion environment variables
# 6. 'etelpmoc.sh' sources the snap's 'completer' script, performs the bash
# completion and serializes the resulting completion environment variables
# by printing to stdout the results in a format that snapd's complete.sh
# will understand, then exits
# 7. control returns to snapd's 'complete.sh' and it deserializes the output
# from 'etelpmoc.sh', validates the results and puts the validated results
# into the bash completion environment variables
# 8. bash displays the results to the user
type -t _complete_from_snap > /dev/null ||
_complete_from_snap() {
{
# De-serialize the output of 'snap run --command=complete ...' into the format
# bash expects:
read -r -a opts
# opts is expected to be a series of compopt options
if [[ ${#opts[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
if [[ "${opts[0]}" == "cannot" ]]; then
# older snap-execs sent errors over stdout :-(
return 1
fi
for i in "${opts[@]}"; do
if ! [[ "$i" =~ ^[a-z]+$ ]]; then
# only lowercase alpha characters allowed
return 2
fi
done
fi
read -r bounced
case "$bounced" in
""|"alias"|"export"|"job"|"variable")
# OK
;;
*)
# unrecognised bounce
return 2
;;
esac
read -r sep
if [ -n "$sep" ]; then
# non-blank separator? madness!
return 2
fi
local oldIFS="$IFS"
if [ ! "$bounced" ]; then
local IFS=$'\n'
# Ignore any suspicious results that are uncommon in filenames and that
# might be used to trick the user. A whitelist approach would be better
# but is impractical with UTF-8 and common characters like quotes.
COMPREPLY=( $( command grep -v '[[:cntrl:];&?*{}]' ) )
IFS="$oldIFS"
fi
if [[ ${#opts[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
# shellcheck disable=SC2046
# (we *want* word splitting to happen here)
compopt $(printf " -o %s" "${opts[@]}")
fi
if [ "$bounced" ]; then
# We validated '$bounced' above and '${COMP_WORDS[$COMP_CWORD]}' is
# coming from the user's session, not the snap so skip input
# validation: we aren't trying to protect the user from themselves.
COMPREPLY+=(compgen -A "$bounced" -- "${COMP_WORDS[$COMP_CWORD]}")
fi
} < <(
snap run --command=complete "$1" "$COMP_TYPE" "$COMP_KEY" "$COMP_POINT" "$COMP_CWORD" "$COMP_WORDBREAKS" "$COMP_LINE" "${COMP_WORDS[@]}" 2>/dev/null || return 1
)
}
# this file can be sourced directly as e.g. /usr/lib/snapd/complete.sh, or via
# a symlink from /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/. In the first case we
# want to load the default loader; in the second, the specific one.
#
if [[ "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" =~ ^/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/ ]]; then
complete -F _complete_from_snap "$1"
else
# _complete_from_snap_maybe calls _complete_from_snap if the command is in
# bin/snap, and otherwise does bash-completion's _completion_loader (which is
# what -D would've done before).
type -t _complete_from_snap_maybe > /dev/null ||
_complete_from_snap_maybe() {
local etel=snap/core/current/usr/lib/snapd/etelpmoc.sh
# catch /snap/bin and /var/lib/snapd/snap/bin
if [[ "$(command -v "$1")" =~ ^(/var/lib/snapd)?/snap/bin/ && ( -e "/var/lib/snapd/$etel" || -e "/$etel" ) ]]; then
complete -F _complete_from_snap "$1"
return 124
fi
# fallback to the old -D
_completion_loader "$1"
}
complete -D -F _complete_from_snap_maybe
fi
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