Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# Copyright (C) 2017 Dmitry Bogatov <KAction@gnu.org>
# Author: Dmitry Bogatov <KAction@gnu.org>
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
# as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 3
# of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
set -e
# rescan and invoke-rc.d actions are done only if runit is init
is_runit () {
[ -f /run/runit.stopit ]
}
is_installed () {
[ -f /sbin/runit ]
}
# No-Op if the service is not enabled
# sv can't send signals to a disabled service
is_enabled () {
[ -h /etc/service/"$NAME" ]
}
# workaround for races as in #919296
ok_pipe () {
[ -p "/etc/sv/$NAME/supervise/ok" ]
}
postinst () {
local action="${1}" previous="${2:-}"
# loguser transition: to be removed when the transition is done
# we do ths before enable to avoid races
# old loguser is 'runit-log', new is '_runit-log'
# 'current' and 'lock' files in the run directory must be owned by
# the new loguser
if [ "${ENABLE}" = yes ] && \
[ -f "/var/log/runit/$NAME/current" ] ; then
loguser="$(stat --format '%U' /var/log/runit/$NAME/current)"
if [ "${loguser}" = "runit-log" ]; then
sv d "/etc/sv/$NAME/log" >/dev/null || true
chown _runit-log:adm /var/log/runit/$NAME/current
chown _runit-log:adm /var/log/runit/$NAME/lock
fi
fi
# It is important to not override local admin
# decision (see #899242 and 942323 ).
if [ "${ENABLE}" = yes ] && \
[ ! -h "/etc/runit/runsvdir/default/.$NAME" ] ; then
# avoid infinte loop of symlinks
if [ ! -h "/etc/runit/runsvdir/default/$NAME" ]; then
ln -sf "/etc/sv/$NAME" "/etc/runit/runsvdir/default/$NAME"
if is_runit ; then
# always force a rescan after enable
kill -s ALRM 1
fi
fi
fi
# ENABLE=no is always a no-op
# Upgrade will changes destination of /etc/sv/{name}/supervise symlink from
# /var/* to /run/*. If service was running, it important that its supervise
# directory is still accessible via /etc/sv/{name}/supervise symlink.
#
# This code must be removed once there are no more packages with
# /etc/sv/{name}/supervise -> /var/lib/runit/supervise/{name}
mkdir -p /run/runit/supervise
old="/var/lib/runit/supervise/${NAME}"
new="/run/runit/supervise/${NAME}"
if [ -d "${old}" ] ; then
ln -sf "${old}" "${new}"
fi
old="/var/lib/runit/log/supervise/${NAME}"
new="/run/runit/supervise/${NAME}.log"
if [ -d "${old}" ] ; then
ln -sf "${old}" "${new}"
fi
# loguser transition: to be removed when the transition is done
# we do this after enable to reduce chance of races
if [ "${ENABLE}" = yes ] && \
[ -f "/etc/sv/$NAME/log/run" ] ; then
if is_installed ; then
sv u "/etc/sv/$NAME/log" >/dev/null || true
fi
fi
#invoke-rc.d
if is_runit ; then
if [ "${action}" = 'configure' ] || [ "${action}" = 'abort-upgrade' ] || \
[ "${action}" = 'abort-deconfigure' ] || [ "${action}" = 'abort-remove' ] ; then
if [ "${ONUPGRADE}" = restart ] && [ -n "${previous}" ] && is_enabled && ok_pipe ; then
sv restart ${NAME} || true
elif [ "${ONUPGRADE}" = reload ] && [ -n "${previous}" ] && is_enabled && ok_pipe ; then
sv reload ${NAME} || true
elif is_enabled && ok_pipe ; then
# ONUPGRADE=stop || ONUPGRADE=nostop
# ONUPGRADE= restart || reload and [ ! -n "${previous}" ]
sv start ${NAME} || true
else
return 0
fi
fi
fi
}
prerm () {
local action="${1}"
# invoke-rc.d
if is_runit ; then
if [ "${ONUPGRADE}" = stop ] && is_enabled && ok_pipe ; then
sv stop ${NAME} || true
elif [ "${action}" = 'remove' ] && is_enabled && ok_pipe ; then
# ONUPGRADE=restart || ONUPGRADE=nostop
sv stop ${NAME} || true
else
return 0
fi
fi
}
postrm () {
local action="${1}"
if [ "${action}" != 'purge' ] && [ "${action}" != 'remove' ] ; then
return
fi
# When "ENABLE=no" the $NAME link is an admin decision
# so we don't remove it.
# Links in other runsvdirs is responsibility of administrator.
if [ "${action}" = 'remove' ] && [ "${ENABLE}" = yes ] ; then
rm -f "/etc/runit/runsvdir/default/$NAME"
fi
# If runscript was never invoked, there will be no files
# in this directory, and `dpkg' will remove it. In this case,
# we have nothing to do.
for supervise in "/var/lib/runit/supervise/$NAME" \
"/var/lib/runit/log/supervise/$NAME" ; do
if [ -d "$supervise" ] ; then
# Actually only `down' may be absent, but it does not
# matter.
for file in control lock ok pid stat status down ; do
rm -f "$supervise/$file"
done
# It should be empty now. If it is not, it means that
# system administrator put something there. It is very
# stupid, but will of user is sacred, and directory is
# left as-is in such case.
#
# NOTE: Non-POSIX option is used. The day coreutils will
# no longer be essential, it will require a fix.
rmdir --ignore-fail-on-non-empty "$supervise"
fi
done
if [ "${action}" = 'purge' ] ; then
rm -f "/etc/runit/runsvdir/default/$NAME"
rm -f "/etc/runit/runsvdir/default/.$NAME"
readonly logdir="/var/log/runit/${NAME}"
if [ -d "${logdir}" ] ; then
rm -r "${logdir}"
fi
fi
}
"$@"
# vim: sw=4:et
Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
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