Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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import contextlib
import os
import pathlib
import shutil
import stat
import sys
import zipfile
__all__ = ['ZipAppError', 'create_archive', 'get_interpreter']
# The __main__.py used if the users specifies "-m module:fn".
# Note that this will always be written as UTF-8 (module and
# function names can be non-ASCII in Python 3).
# We add a coding cookie even though UTF-8 is the default in Python 3
# because the resulting archive may be intended to be run under Python 2.
MAIN_TEMPLATE = """\
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import {module}
{module}.{fn}()
"""
# The Windows launcher defaults to UTF-8 when parsing shebang lines if the
# file has no BOM. So use UTF-8 on Windows.
# On Unix, use the filesystem encoding.
if sys.platform.startswith('win'):
shebang_encoding = 'utf-8'
else:
shebang_encoding = sys.getfilesystemencoding()
class ZipAppError(ValueError):
pass
@contextlib.contextmanager
def _maybe_open(archive, mode):
if isinstance(archive, (str, os.PathLike)):
with open(archive, mode) as f:
yield f
else:
yield archive
def _write_file_prefix(f, interpreter):
"""Write a shebang line."""
if interpreter:
shebang = b'#!' + interpreter.encode(shebang_encoding) + b'\n'
f.write(shebang)
def _copy_archive(archive, new_archive, interpreter=None):
"""Copy an application archive, modifying the shebang line."""
with _maybe_open(archive, 'rb') as src:
# Skip the shebang line from the source.
# Read 2 bytes of the source and check if they are #!.
first_2 = src.read(2)
if first_2 == b'#!':
# Discard the initial 2 bytes and the rest of the shebang line.
first_2 = b''
src.readline()
with _maybe_open(new_archive, 'wb') as dst:
_write_file_prefix(dst, interpreter)
# If there was no shebang, "first_2" contains the first 2 bytes
# of the source file, so write them before copying the rest
# of the file.
dst.write(first_2)
shutil.copyfileobj(src, dst)
if interpreter and isinstance(new_archive, str):
os.chmod(new_archive, os.stat(new_archive).st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
def create_archive(source, target=None, interpreter=None, main=None,
filter=None, compressed=False):
"""Create an application archive from SOURCE.
The SOURCE can be the name of a directory, or a filename or a file-like
object referring to an existing archive.
The content of SOURCE is packed into an application archive in TARGET,
which can be a filename or a file-like object. If SOURCE is a directory,
TARGET can be omitted and will default to the name of SOURCE with .pyz
appended.
The created application archive will have a shebang line specifying
that it should run with INTERPRETER (there will be no shebang line if
INTERPRETER is None), and a __main__.py which runs MAIN (if MAIN is
not specified, an existing __main__.py will be used). It is an error
to specify MAIN for anything other than a directory source with no
__main__.py, and it is an error to omit MAIN if the directory has no
__main__.py.
"""
# Are we copying an existing archive?
source_is_file = False
if hasattr(source, 'read') and hasattr(source, 'readline'):
source_is_file = True
else:
source = pathlib.Path(source)
if source.is_file():
source_is_file = True
if source_is_file:
_copy_archive(source, target, interpreter)
return
# We are creating a new archive from a directory.
if not source.exists():
raise ZipAppError("Source does not exist")
has_main = (source / '__main__.py').is_file()
if main and has_main:
raise ZipAppError(
"Cannot specify entry point if the source has __main__.py")
if not (main or has_main):
raise ZipAppError("Archive has no entry point")
main_py = None
if main:
# Check that main has the right format.
mod, sep, fn = main.partition(':')
mod_ok = all(part.isidentifier() for part in mod.split('.'))
fn_ok = all(part.isidentifier() for part in fn.split('.'))
if not (sep == ':' and mod_ok and fn_ok):
raise ZipAppError("Invalid entry point: " + main)
main_py = MAIN_TEMPLATE.format(module=mod, fn=fn)
if target is None:
target = source.with_suffix('.pyz')
elif not hasattr(target, 'write'):
target = pathlib.Path(target)
with _maybe_open(target, 'wb') as fd:
_write_file_prefix(fd, interpreter)
compression = (zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED if compressed else
zipfile.ZIP_STORED)
with zipfile.ZipFile(fd, 'w', compression=compression) as z:
for child in source.rglob('*'):
arcname = child.relative_to(source)
if filter is None or filter(arcname):
z.write(child, arcname.as_posix())
if main_py:
z.writestr('__main__.py', main_py.encode('utf-8'))
if interpreter and not hasattr(target, 'write'):
target.chmod(target.stat().st_mode | stat.S_IEXEC)
def get_interpreter(archive):
with _maybe_open(archive, 'rb') as f:
if f.read(2) == b'#!':
return f.readline().strip().decode(shebang_encoding)
def main(args=None):
"""Run the zipapp command line interface.
The ARGS parameter lets you specify the argument list directly.
Omitting ARGS (or setting it to None) works as for argparse, using
sys.argv[1:] as the argument list.
"""
import argparse
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
parser.add_argument('--output', '-o', default=None,
help="The name of the output archive. "
"Required if SOURCE is an archive.")
parser.add_argument('--python', '-p', default=None,
help="The name of the Python interpreter to use "
"(default: no shebang line).")
parser.add_argument('--main', '-m', default=None,
help="The main function of the application "
"(default: use an existing __main__.py).")
parser.add_argument('--compress', '-c', action='store_true',
help="Compress files with the deflate method. "
"Files are stored uncompressed by default.")
parser.add_argument('--info', default=False, action='store_true',
help="Display the interpreter from the archive.")
parser.add_argument('source',
help="Source directory (or existing archive).")
args = parser.parse_args(args)
# Handle `python -m zipapp archive.pyz --info`.
if args.info:
if not os.path.isfile(args.source):
raise SystemExit("Can only get info for an archive file")
interpreter = get_interpreter(args.source)
print("Interpreter: {}".format(interpreter or "<none>"))
sys.exit(0)
if os.path.isfile(args.source):
if args.output is None or (os.path.exists(args.output) and
os.path.samefile(args.source, args.output)):
raise SystemExit("In-place editing of archives is not supported")
if args.main:
raise SystemExit("Cannot change the main function when copying")
create_archive(args.source, args.output,
interpreter=args.python, main=args.main,
compressed=args.compress)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
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