Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /usr/bin/python3.9
# Copyright 1994 by Lance Ellinghouse
# Cathedral City, California Republic, United States of America.
# All Rights Reserved
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its
# documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby granted,
# provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that
# both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in
# supporting documentation, and that the name of Lance Ellinghouse
# not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution
# of the software without specific, written prior permission.
# LANCE ELLINGHOUSE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO
# THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND
# FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL LANCE ELLINGHOUSE CENTRUM BE LIABLE
# FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
# WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
# ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT
# OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
#
# Modified by Jack Jansen, CWI, July 1995:
# - Use binascii module to do the actual line-by-line conversion
# between ascii and binary. This results in a 1000-fold speedup. The C
# version is still 5 times faster, though.
# - Arguments more compliant with python standard
"""Implementation of the UUencode and UUdecode functions.
encode(in_file, out_file [,name, mode], *, backtick=False)
decode(in_file [, out_file, mode, quiet])
"""
import binascii
import os
import sys
__all__ = ["Error", "encode", "decode"]
class Error(Exception):
pass
def encode(in_file, out_file, name=None, mode=None, *, backtick=False):
"""Uuencode file"""
#
# If in_file is a pathname open it and change defaults
#
opened_files = []
try:
if in_file == '-':
in_file = sys.stdin.buffer
elif isinstance(in_file, str):
if name is None:
name = os.path.basename(in_file)
if mode is None:
try:
mode = os.stat(in_file).st_mode
except AttributeError:
pass
in_file = open(in_file, 'rb')
opened_files.append(in_file)
#
# Open out_file if it is a pathname
#
if out_file == '-':
out_file = sys.stdout.buffer
elif isinstance(out_file, str):
out_file = open(out_file, 'wb')
opened_files.append(out_file)
#
# Set defaults for name and mode
#
if name is None:
name = '-'
if mode is None:
mode = 0o666
#
# Remove newline chars from name
#
name = name.replace('\n','\\n')
name = name.replace('\r','\\r')
#
# Write the data
#
out_file.write(('begin %o %s\n' % ((mode & 0o777), name)).encode("ascii"))
data = in_file.read(45)
while len(data) > 0:
out_file.write(binascii.b2a_uu(data, backtick=backtick))
data = in_file.read(45)
if backtick:
out_file.write(b'`\nend\n')
else:
out_file.write(b' \nend\n')
finally:
for f in opened_files:
f.close()
def decode(in_file, out_file=None, mode=None, quiet=False):
"""Decode uuencoded file"""
#
# Open the input file, if needed.
#
opened_files = []
if in_file == '-':
in_file = sys.stdin.buffer
elif isinstance(in_file, str):
in_file = open(in_file, 'rb')
opened_files.append(in_file)
try:
#
# Read until a begin is encountered or we've exhausted the file
#
while True:
hdr = in_file.readline()
if not hdr:
raise Error('No valid begin line found in input file')
if not hdr.startswith(b'begin'):
continue
hdrfields = hdr.split(b' ', 2)
if len(hdrfields) == 3 and hdrfields[0] == b'begin':
try:
int(hdrfields[1], 8)
break
except ValueError:
pass
if out_file is None:
# If the filename isn't ASCII, what's up with that?!?
out_file = hdrfields[2].rstrip(b' \t\r\n\f').decode("ascii")
if os.path.exists(out_file):
raise Error('Cannot overwrite existing file: %s' % out_file)
if mode is None:
mode = int(hdrfields[1], 8)
#
# Open the output file
#
if out_file == '-':
out_file = sys.stdout.buffer
elif isinstance(out_file, str):
fp = open(out_file, 'wb')
os.chmod(out_file, mode)
out_file = fp
opened_files.append(out_file)
#
# Main decoding loop
#
s = in_file.readline()
while s and s.strip(b' \t\r\n\f') != b'end':
try:
data = binascii.a2b_uu(s)
except binascii.Error as v:
# Workaround for broken uuencoders by /Fredrik Lundh
nbytes = (((s[0]-32) & 63) * 4 + 5) // 3
data = binascii.a2b_uu(s[:nbytes])
if not quiet:
sys.stderr.write("Warning: %s\n" % v)
out_file.write(data)
s = in_file.readline()
if not s:
raise Error('Truncated input file')
finally:
for f in opened_files:
f.close()
def test():
"""uuencode/uudecode main program"""
import optparse
parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage='usage: %prog [-d] [-t] [input [output]]')
parser.add_option('-d', '--decode', dest='decode', help='Decode (instead of encode)?', default=False, action='store_true')
parser.add_option('-t', '--text', dest='text', help='data is text, encoded format unix-compatible text?', default=False, action='store_true')
(options, args) = parser.parse_args()
if len(args) > 2:
parser.error('incorrect number of arguments')
sys.exit(1)
# Use the binary streams underlying stdin/stdout
input = sys.stdin.buffer
output = sys.stdout.buffer
if len(args) > 0:
input = args[0]
if len(args) > 1:
output = args[1]
if options.decode:
if options.text:
if isinstance(output, str):
output = open(output, 'wb')
else:
print(sys.argv[0], ': cannot do -t to stdout')
sys.exit(1)
decode(input, output)
else:
if options.text:
if isinstance(input, str):
input = open(input, 'rb')
else:
print(sys.argv[0], ': cannot do -t from stdin')
sys.exit(1)
encode(input, output)
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
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