Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /lib/python3.9/stat.py
"""Constants/functions for interpreting results of os.stat() and os.lstat().

Suggested usage: from stat import *
"""

# Indices for stat struct members in the tuple returned by os.stat()

ST_MODE  = 0
ST_INO   = 1
ST_DEV   = 2
ST_NLINK = 3
ST_UID   = 4
ST_GID   = 5
ST_SIZE  = 6
ST_ATIME = 7
ST_MTIME = 8
ST_CTIME = 9

# Extract bits from the mode

def S_IMODE(mode):
    """Return the portion of the file's mode that can be set by
    os.chmod().
    """
    return mode & 0o7777

def S_IFMT(mode):
    """Return the portion of the file's mode that describes the
    file type.
    """
    return mode & 0o170000

# Constants used as S_IFMT() for various file types
# (not all are implemented on all systems)

S_IFDIR  = 0o040000  # directory
S_IFCHR  = 0o020000  # character device
S_IFBLK  = 0o060000  # block device
S_IFREG  = 0o100000  # regular file
S_IFIFO  = 0o010000  # fifo (named pipe)
S_IFLNK  = 0o120000  # symbolic link
S_IFSOCK = 0o140000  # socket file
# Fallbacks for uncommon platform-specific constants
S_IFDOOR = 0
S_IFPORT = 0
S_IFWHT = 0

# Functions to test for each file type

def S_ISDIR(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a directory."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFDIR

def S_ISCHR(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a character special device file."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFCHR

def S_ISBLK(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a block special device file."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFBLK

def S_ISREG(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a regular file."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFREG

def S_ISFIFO(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a FIFO (named pipe)."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFIFO

def S_ISLNK(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a symbolic link."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFLNK

def S_ISSOCK(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a socket."""
    return S_IFMT(mode) == S_IFSOCK

def S_ISDOOR(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a door."""
    return False

def S_ISPORT(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from an event port."""
    return False

def S_ISWHT(mode):
    """Return True if mode is from a whiteout."""
    return False

# Names for permission bits

S_ISUID = 0o4000  # set UID bit
S_ISGID = 0o2000  # set GID bit
S_ENFMT = S_ISGID # file locking enforcement
S_ISVTX = 0o1000  # sticky bit
S_IREAD = 0o0400  # Unix V7 synonym for S_IRUSR
S_IWRITE = 0o0200 # Unix V7 synonym for S_IWUSR
S_IEXEC = 0o0100  # Unix V7 synonym for S_IXUSR
S_IRWXU = 0o0700  # mask for owner permissions
S_IRUSR = 0o0400  # read by owner
S_IWUSR = 0o0200  # write by owner
S_IXUSR = 0o0100  # execute by owner
S_IRWXG = 0o0070  # mask for group permissions
S_IRGRP = 0o0040  # read by group
S_IWGRP = 0o0020  # write by group
S_IXGRP = 0o0010  # execute by group
S_IRWXO = 0o0007  # mask for others (not in group) permissions
S_IROTH = 0o0004  # read by others
S_IWOTH = 0o0002  # write by others
S_IXOTH = 0o0001  # execute by others

# Names for file flags

UF_NODUMP    = 0x00000001  # do not dump file
UF_IMMUTABLE = 0x00000002  # file may not be changed
UF_APPEND    = 0x00000004  # file may only be appended to
UF_OPAQUE    = 0x00000008  # directory is opaque when viewed through a union stack
UF_NOUNLINK  = 0x00000010  # file may not be renamed or deleted
UF_COMPRESSED = 0x00000020 # OS X: file is hfs-compressed
UF_HIDDEN    = 0x00008000  # OS X: file should not be displayed
SF_ARCHIVED  = 0x00010000  # file may be archived
SF_IMMUTABLE = 0x00020000  # file may not be changed
SF_APPEND    = 0x00040000  # file may only be appended to
SF_NOUNLINK  = 0x00100000  # file may not be renamed or deleted
SF_SNAPSHOT  = 0x00200000  # file is a snapshot file


_filemode_table = (
    ((S_IFLNK,         "l"),
     (S_IFSOCK,        "s"),  # Must appear before IFREG and IFDIR as IFSOCK == IFREG | IFDIR
     (S_IFREG,         "-"),
     (S_IFBLK,         "b"),
     (S_IFDIR,         "d"),
     (S_IFCHR,         "c"),
     (S_IFIFO,         "p")),

    ((S_IRUSR,         "r"),),
    ((S_IWUSR,         "w"),),
    ((S_IXUSR|S_ISUID, "s"),
     (S_ISUID,         "S"),
     (S_IXUSR,         "x")),

    ((S_IRGRP,         "r"),),
    ((S_IWGRP,         "w"),),
    ((S_IXGRP|S_ISGID, "s"),
     (S_ISGID,         "S"),
     (S_IXGRP,         "x")),

    ((S_IROTH,         "r"),),
    ((S_IWOTH,         "w"),),
    ((S_IXOTH|S_ISVTX, "t"),
     (S_ISVTX,         "T"),
     (S_IXOTH,         "x"))
)

def filemode(mode):
    """Convert a file's mode to a string of the form '-rwxrwxrwx'."""
    perm = []
    for table in _filemode_table:
        for bit, char in table:
            if mode & bit == bit:
                perm.append(char)
                break
        else:
            perm.append("-")
    return "".join(perm)


# Windows FILE_ATTRIBUTE constants for interpreting os.stat()'s
# "st_file_attributes" member

FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ARCHIVE = 32
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_COMPRESSED = 2048
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVICE = 64
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY = 16
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_ENCRYPTED = 16384
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_HIDDEN = 2
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_INTEGRITY_STREAM = 32768
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL = 128
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NOT_CONTENT_INDEXED = 8192
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NO_SCRUB_DATA = 131072
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_OFFLINE = 4096
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY = 1
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_REPARSE_POINT = 1024
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SPARSE_FILE = 512
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_SYSTEM = 4
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_TEMPORARY = 256
FILE_ATTRIBUTE_VIRTUAL = 65536


# If available, use C implementation
try:
    from _stat import *
except ImportError:
    pass

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