Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#
# Secret Labs' Regular Expression Engine
#
# convert re-style regular expression to sre pattern
#
# Copyright (c) 1998-2001 by Secret Labs AB. All rights reserved.
#
# See the sre.py file for information on usage and redistribution.
#
"""Internal support module for sre"""
# XXX: show string offset and offending character for all errors
from sre_constants import *
SPECIAL_CHARS = ".\\[{()*+?^$|"
REPEAT_CHARS = "*+?{"
DIGITS = frozenset("0123456789")
OCTDIGITS = frozenset("01234567")
HEXDIGITS = frozenset("0123456789abcdefABCDEF")
ASCIILETTERS = frozenset("abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ")
WHITESPACE = frozenset(" \t\n\r\v\f")
_REPEATCODES = frozenset({MIN_REPEAT, MAX_REPEAT})
_UNITCODES = frozenset({ANY, RANGE, IN, LITERAL, NOT_LITERAL, CATEGORY})
ESCAPES = {
r"\a": (LITERAL, ord("\a")),
r"\b": (LITERAL, ord("\b")),
r"\f": (LITERAL, ord("\f")),
r"\n": (LITERAL, ord("\n")),
r"\r": (LITERAL, ord("\r")),
r"\t": (LITERAL, ord("\t")),
r"\v": (LITERAL, ord("\v")),
r"\\": (LITERAL, ord("\\"))
}
CATEGORIES = {
r"\A": (AT, AT_BEGINNING_STRING), # start of string
r"\b": (AT, AT_BOUNDARY),
r"\B": (AT, AT_NON_BOUNDARY),
r"\d": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_DIGIT)]),
r"\D": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_NOT_DIGIT)]),
r"\s": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_SPACE)]),
r"\S": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_NOT_SPACE)]),
r"\w": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_WORD)]),
r"\W": (IN, [(CATEGORY, CATEGORY_NOT_WORD)]),
r"\Z": (AT, AT_END_STRING), # end of string
}
FLAGS = {
# standard flags
"i": SRE_FLAG_IGNORECASE,
"L": SRE_FLAG_LOCALE,
"m": SRE_FLAG_MULTILINE,
"s": SRE_FLAG_DOTALL,
"x": SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE,
# extensions
"a": SRE_FLAG_ASCII,
"t": SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE,
"u": SRE_FLAG_UNICODE,
}
TYPE_FLAGS = SRE_FLAG_ASCII | SRE_FLAG_LOCALE | SRE_FLAG_UNICODE
GLOBAL_FLAGS = SRE_FLAG_DEBUG | SRE_FLAG_TEMPLATE
class Verbose(Exception):
pass
class State:
# keeps track of state for parsing
def __init__(self):
self.flags = 0
self.groupdict = {}
self.groupwidths = [None] # group 0
self.lookbehindgroups = None
@property
def groups(self):
return len(self.groupwidths)
def opengroup(self, name=None):
gid = self.groups
self.groupwidths.append(None)
if self.groups > MAXGROUPS:
raise error("too many groups")
if name is not None:
ogid = self.groupdict.get(name, None)
if ogid is not None:
raise error("redefinition of group name %r as group %d; "
"was group %d" % (name, gid, ogid))
self.groupdict[name] = gid
return gid
def closegroup(self, gid, p):
self.groupwidths[gid] = p.getwidth()
def checkgroup(self, gid):
return gid < self.groups and self.groupwidths[gid] is not None
def checklookbehindgroup(self, gid, source):
if self.lookbehindgroups is not None:
if not self.checkgroup(gid):
raise source.error('cannot refer to an open group')
if gid >= self.lookbehindgroups:
raise source.error('cannot refer to group defined in the same '
'lookbehind subpattern')
class SubPattern:
# a subpattern, in intermediate form
def __init__(self, state, data=None):
self.state = state
if data is None:
data = []
self.data = data
self.width = None
def dump(self, level=0):
nl = True
seqtypes = (tuple, list)
for op, av in self.data:
print(level*" " + str(op), end='')
if op is IN:
# member sublanguage
print()
for op, a in av:
print((level+1)*" " + str(op), a)
elif op is BRANCH:
print()
for i, a in enumerate(av[1]):
if i:
print(level*" " + "OR")
a.dump(level+1)
elif op is GROUPREF_EXISTS:
condgroup, item_yes, item_no = av
print('', condgroup)
item_yes.dump(level+1)
if item_no:
print(level*" " + "ELSE")
item_no.dump(level+1)
elif isinstance(av, seqtypes):
nl = False
for a in av:
if isinstance(a, SubPattern):
if not nl:
print()
a.dump(level+1)
nl = True
else:
if not nl:
print(' ', end='')
print(a, end='')
nl = False
if not nl:
print()
else:
print('', av)
def __repr__(self):
return repr(self.data)
def __len__(self):
return len(self.data)
def __delitem__(self, index):
del self.data[index]
def __getitem__(self, index):
if isinstance(index, slice):
return SubPattern(self.state, self.data[index])
return self.data[index]
def __setitem__(self, index, code):
self.data[index] = code
def insert(self, index, code):
self.data.insert(index, code)
def append(self, code):
self.data.append(code)
def getwidth(self):
# determine the width (min, max) for this subpattern
if self.width is not None:
return self.width
lo = hi = 0
for op, av in self.data:
if op is BRANCH:
i = MAXREPEAT - 1
j = 0
for av in av[1]:
l, h = av.getwidth()
i = min(i, l)
j = max(j, h)
lo = lo + i
hi = hi + j
elif op is CALL:
i, j = av.getwidth()
lo = lo + i
hi = hi + j
elif op is SUBPATTERN:
i, j = av[-1].getwidth()
lo = lo + i
hi = hi + j
elif op in _REPEATCODES:
i, j = av[2].getwidth()
lo = lo + i * av[0]
hi = hi + j * av[1]
elif op in _UNITCODES:
lo = lo + 1
hi = hi + 1
elif op is GROUPREF:
i, j = self.state.groupwidths[av]
lo = lo + i
hi = hi + j
elif op is GROUPREF_EXISTS:
i, j = av[1].getwidth()
if av[2] is not None:
l, h = av[2].getwidth()
i = min(i, l)
j = max(j, h)
else:
i = 0
lo = lo + i
hi = hi + j
elif op is SUCCESS:
break
self.width = min(lo, MAXREPEAT - 1), min(hi, MAXREPEAT)
return self.width
class Tokenizer:
def __init__(self, string):
self.istext = isinstance(string, str)
self.string = string
if not self.istext:
string = str(string, 'latin1')
self.decoded_string = string
self.index = 0
self.next = None
self.__next()
def __next(self):
index = self.index
try:
char = self.decoded_string[index]
except IndexError:
self.next = None
return
if char == "\\":
index += 1
try:
char += self.decoded_string[index]
except IndexError:
raise error("bad escape (end of pattern)",
self.string, len(self.string) - 1) from None
self.index = index + 1
self.next = char
def match(self, char):
if char == self.next:
self.__next()
return True
return False
def get(self):
this = self.next
self.__next()
return this
def getwhile(self, n, charset):
result = ''
for _ in range(n):
c = self.next
if c not in charset:
break
result += c
self.__next()
return result
def getuntil(self, terminator, name):
result = ''
while True:
c = self.next
self.__next()
if c is None:
if not result:
raise self.error("missing " + name)
raise self.error("missing %s, unterminated name" % terminator,
len(result))
if c == terminator:
if not result:
raise self.error("missing " + name, 1)
break
result += c
return result
@property
def pos(self):
return self.index - len(self.next or '')
def tell(self):
return self.index - len(self.next or '')
def seek(self, index):
self.index = index
self.__next()
def error(self, msg, offset=0):
return error(msg, self.string, self.tell() - offset)
def _class_escape(source, escape):
# handle escape code inside character class
code = ESCAPES.get(escape)
if code:
return code
code = CATEGORIES.get(escape)
if code and code[0] is IN:
return code
try:
c = escape[1:2]
if c == "x":
# hexadecimal escape (exactly two digits)
escape += source.getwhile(2, HEXDIGITS)
if len(escape) != 4:
raise source.error("incomplete escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, int(escape[2:], 16)
elif c == "u" and source.istext:
# unicode escape (exactly four digits)
escape += source.getwhile(4, HEXDIGITS)
if len(escape) != 6:
raise source.error("incomplete escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, int(escape[2:], 16)
elif c == "U" and source.istext:
# unicode escape (exactly eight digits)
escape += source.getwhile(8, HEXDIGITS)
if len(escape) != 10:
raise source.error("incomplete escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
c = int(escape[2:], 16)
chr(c) # raise ValueError for invalid code
return LITERAL, c
elif c == "N" and source.istext:
import unicodedata
# named unicode escape e.g. \N{EM DASH}
if not source.match('{'):
raise source.error("missing {")
charname = source.getuntil('}', 'character name')
try:
c = ord(unicodedata.lookup(charname))
except KeyError:
raise source.error("undefined character name %r" % charname,
len(charname) + len(r'\N{}'))
return LITERAL, c
elif c in OCTDIGITS:
# octal escape (up to three digits)
escape += source.getwhile(2, OCTDIGITS)
c = int(escape[1:], 8)
if c > 0o377:
raise source.error('octal escape value %s outside of '
'range 0-0o377' % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, c
elif c in DIGITS:
raise ValueError
if len(escape) == 2:
if c in ASCIILETTERS:
raise source.error('bad escape %s' % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, ord(escape[1])
except ValueError:
pass
raise source.error("bad escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
def _escape(source, escape, state):
# handle escape code in expression
code = CATEGORIES.get(escape)
if code:
return code
code = ESCAPES.get(escape)
if code:
return code
try:
c = escape[1:2]
if c == "x":
# hexadecimal escape
escape += source.getwhile(2, HEXDIGITS)
if len(escape) != 4:
raise source.error("incomplete escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, int(escape[2:], 16)
elif c == "u" and source.istext:
# unicode escape (exactly four digits)
escape += source.getwhile(4, HEXDIGITS)
if len(escape) != 6:
raise source.error("incomplete escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, int(escape[2:], 16)
elif c == "U" and source.istext:
# unicode escape (exactly eight digits)
escape += source.getwhile(8, HEXDIGITS)
if len(escape) != 10:
raise source.error("incomplete escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
c = int(escape[2:], 16)
chr(c) # raise ValueError for invalid code
return LITERAL, c
elif c == "N" and source.istext:
import unicodedata
# named unicode escape e.g. \N{EM DASH}
if not source.match('{'):
raise source.error("missing {")
charname = source.getuntil('}', 'character name')
try:
c = ord(unicodedata.lookup(charname))
except KeyError:
raise source.error("undefined character name %r" % charname,
len(charname) + len(r'\N{}'))
return LITERAL, c
elif c == "0":
# octal escape
escape += source.getwhile(2, OCTDIGITS)
return LITERAL, int(escape[1:], 8)
elif c in DIGITS:
# octal escape *or* decimal group reference (sigh)
if source.next in DIGITS:
escape += source.get()
if (escape[1] in OCTDIGITS and escape[2] in OCTDIGITS and
source.next in OCTDIGITS):
# got three octal digits; this is an octal escape
escape += source.get()
c = int(escape[1:], 8)
if c > 0o377:
raise source.error('octal escape value %s outside of '
'range 0-0o377' % escape,
len(escape))
return LITERAL, c
# not an octal escape, so this is a group reference
group = int(escape[1:])
if group < state.groups:
if not state.checkgroup(group):
raise source.error("cannot refer to an open group",
len(escape))
state.checklookbehindgroup(group, source)
return GROUPREF, group
raise source.error("invalid group reference %d" % group, len(escape) - 1)
if len(escape) == 2:
if c in ASCIILETTERS:
raise source.error("bad escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
return LITERAL, ord(escape[1])
except ValueError:
pass
raise source.error("bad escape %s" % escape, len(escape))
def _uniq(items):
return list(dict.fromkeys(items))
def _parse_sub(source, state, verbose, nested):
# parse an alternation: a|b|c
items = []
itemsappend = items.append
sourcematch = source.match
start = source.tell()
while True:
itemsappend(_parse(source, state, verbose, nested + 1,
not nested and not items))
if not sourcematch("|"):
break
if len(items) == 1:
return items[0]
subpattern = SubPattern(state)
# check if all items share a common prefix
while True:
prefix = None
for item in items:
if not item:
break
if prefix is None:
prefix = item[0]
elif item[0] != prefix:
break
else:
# all subitems start with a common "prefix".
# move it out of the branch
for item in items:
del item[0]
subpattern.append(prefix)
continue # check next one
break
# check if the branch can be replaced by a character set
set = []
for item in items:
if len(item) != 1:
break
op, av = item[0]
if op is LITERAL:
set.append((op, av))
elif op is IN and av[0][0] is not NEGATE:
set.extend(av)
else:
break
else:
# we can store this as a character set instead of a
# branch (the compiler may optimize this even more)
subpattern.append((IN, _uniq(set)))
return subpattern
subpattern.append((BRANCH, (None, items)))
return subpattern
def _parse(source, state, verbose, nested, first=False):
# parse a simple pattern
subpattern = SubPattern(state)
# precompute constants into local variables
subpatternappend = subpattern.append
sourceget = source.get
sourcematch = source.match
_len = len
_ord = ord
while True:
this = source.next
if this is None:
break # end of pattern
if this in "|)":
break # end of subpattern
sourceget()
if verbose:
# skip whitespace and comments
if this in WHITESPACE:
continue
if this == "#":
while True:
this = sourceget()
if this is None or this == "\n":
break
continue
if this[0] == "\\":
code = _escape(source, this, state)
subpatternappend(code)
elif this not in SPECIAL_CHARS:
subpatternappend((LITERAL, _ord(this)))
elif this == "[":
here = source.tell() - 1
# character set
set = []
setappend = set.append
## if sourcematch(":"):
## pass # handle character classes
if source.next == '[':
import warnings
warnings.warn(
'Possible nested set at position %d' % source.tell(),
FutureWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6
)
negate = sourcematch("^")
# check remaining characters
while True:
this = sourceget()
if this is None:
raise source.error("unterminated character set",
source.tell() - here)
if this == "]" and set:
break
elif this[0] == "\\":
code1 = _class_escape(source, this)
else:
if set and this in '-&~|' and source.next == this:
import warnings
warnings.warn(
'Possible set %s at position %d' % (
'difference' if this == '-' else
'intersection' if this == '&' else
'symmetric difference' if this == '~' else
'union',
source.tell() - 1),
FutureWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6
)
code1 = LITERAL, _ord(this)
if sourcematch("-"):
# potential range
that = sourceget()
if that is None:
raise source.error("unterminated character set",
source.tell() - here)
if that == "]":
if code1[0] is IN:
code1 = code1[1][0]
setappend(code1)
setappend((LITERAL, _ord("-")))
break
if that[0] == "\\":
code2 = _class_escape(source, that)
else:
if that == '-':
import warnings
warnings.warn(
'Possible set difference at position %d' % (
source.tell() - 2),
FutureWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6
)
code2 = LITERAL, _ord(that)
if code1[0] != LITERAL or code2[0] != LITERAL:
msg = "bad character range %s-%s" % (this, that)
raise source.error(msg, len(this) + 1 + len(that))
lo = code1[1]
hi = code2[1]
if hi < lo:
msg = "bad character range %s-%s" % (this, that)
raise source.error(msg, len(this) + 1 + len(that))
setappend((RANGE, (lo, hi)))
else:
if code1[0] is IN:
code1 = code1[1][0]
setappend(code1)
set = _uniq(set)
# XXX: <fl> should move set optimization to compiler!
if _len(set) == 1 and set[0][0] is LITERAL:
# optimization
if negate:
subpatternappend((NOT_LITERAL, set[0][1]))
else:
subpatternappend(set[0])
else:
if negate:
set.insert(0, (NEGATE, None))
# charmap optimization can't be added here because
# global flags still are not known
subpatternappend((IN, set))
elif this in REPEAT_CHARS:
# repeat previous item
here = source.tell()
if this == "?":
min, max = 0, 1
elif this == "*":
min, max = 0, MAXREPEAT
elif this == "+":
min, max = 1, MAXREPEAT
elif this == "{":
if source.next == "}":
subpatternappend((LITERAL, _ord(this)))
continue
min, max = 0, MAXREPEAT
lo = hi = ""
while source.next in DIGITS:
lo += sourceget()
if sourcematch(","):
while source.next in DIGITS:
hi += sourceget()
else:
hi = lo
if not sourcematch("}"):
subpatternappend((LITERAL, _ord(this)))
source.seek(here)
continue
if lo:
min = int(lo)
if min >= MAXREPEAT:
raise OverflowError("the repetition number is too large")
if hi:
max = int(hi)
if max >= MAXREPEAT:
raise OverflowError("the repetition number is too large")
if max < min:
raise source.error("min repeat greater than max repeat",
source.tell() - here)
else:
raise AssertionError("unsupported quantifier %r" % (char,))
# figure out which item to repeat
if subpattern:
item = subpattern[-1:]
else:
item = None
if not item or item[0][0] is AT:
raise source.error("nothing to repeat",
source.tell() - here + len(this))
if item[0][0] in _REPEATCODES:
raise source.error("multiple repeat",
source.tell() - here + len(this))
if item[0][0] is SUBPATTERN:
group, add_flags, del_flags, p = item[0][1]
if group is None and not add_flags and not del_flags:
item = p
if sourcematch("?"):
subpattern[-1] = (MIN_REPEAT, (min, max, item))
else:
subpattern[-1] = (MAX_REPEAT, (min, max, item))
elif this == ".":
subpatternappend((ANY, None))
elif this == "(":
start = source.tell() - 1
group = True
name = None
add_flags = 0
del_flags = 0
if sourcematch("?"):
# options
char = sourceget()
if char is None:
raise source.error("unexpected end of pattern")
if char == "P":
# python extensions
if sourcematch("<"):
# named group: skip forward to end of name
name = source.getuntil(">", "group name")
if not name.isidentifier():
msg = "bad character in group name %r" % name
raise source.error(msg, len(name) + 1)
elif sourcematch("="):
# named backreference
name = source.getuntil(")", "group name")
if not name.isidentifier():
msg = "bad character in group name %r" % name
raise source.error(msg, len(name) + 1)
gid = state.groupdict.get(name)
if gid is None:
msg = "unknown group name %r" % name
raise source.error(msg, len(name) + 1)
if not state.checkgroup(gid):
raise source.error("cannot refer to an open group",
len(name) + 1)
state.checklookbehindgroup(gid, source)
subpatternappend((GROUPREF, gid))
continue
else:
char = sourceget()
if char is None:
raise source.error("unexpected end of pattern")
raise source.error("unknown extension ?P" + char,
len(char) + 2)
elif char == ":":
# non-capturing group
group = None
elif char == "#":
# comment
while True:
if source.next is None:
raise source.error("missing ), unterminated comment",
source.tell() - start)
if sourceget() == ")":
break
continue
elif char in "=!<":
# lookahead assertions
dir = 1
if char == "<":
char = sourceget()
if char is None:
raise source.error("unexpected end of pattern")
if char not in "=!":
raise source.error("unknown extension ?<" + char,
len(char) + 2)
dir = -1 # lookbehind
lookbehindgroups = state.lookbehindgroups
if lookbehindgroups is None:
state.lookbehindgroups = state.groups
p = _parse_sub(source, state, verbose, nested + 1)
if dir < 0:
if lookbehindgroups is None:
state.lookbehindgroups = None
if not sourcematch(")"):
raise source.error("missing ), unterminated subpattern",
source.tell() - start)
if char == "=":
subpatternappend((ASSERT, (dir, p)))
else:
subpatternappend((ASSERT_NOT, (dir, p)))
continue
elif char == "(":
# conditional backreference group
condname = source.getuntil(")", "group name")
if condname.isidentifier():
condgroup = state.groupdict.get(condname)
if condgroup is None:
msg = "unknown group name %r" % condname
raise source.error(msg, len(condname) + 1)
else:
try:
condgroup = int(condname)
if condgroup < 0:
raise ValueError
except ValueError:
msg = "bad character in group name %r" % condname
raise source.error(msg, len(condname) + 1) from None
if not condgroup:
raise source.error("bad group number",
len(condname) + 1)
if condgroup >= MAXGROUPS:
msg = "invalid group reference %d" % condgroup
raise source.error(msg, len(condname) + 1)
state.checklookbehindgroup(condgroup, source)
item_yes = _parse(source, state, verbose, nested + 1)
if source.match("|"):
item_no = _parse(source, state, verbose, nested + 1)
if source.next == "|":
raise source.error("conditional backref with more than two branches")
else:
item_no = None
if not source.match(")"):
raise source.error("missing ), unterminated subpattern",
source.tell() - start)
subpatternappend((GROUPREF_EXISTS, (condgroup, item_yes, item_no)))
continue
elif char in FLAGS or char == "-":
# flags
flags = _parse_flags(source, state, char)
if flags is None: # global flags
if not first or subpattern:
import warnings
warnings.warn(
'Flags not at the start of the expression %r%s' % (
source.string[:20], # truncate long regexes
' (truncated)' if len(source.string) > 20 else '',
),
DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=nested + 6
)
if (state.flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE) and not verbose:
raise Verbose
continue
add_flags, del_flags = flags
group = None
else:
raise source.error("unknown extension ?" + char,
len(char) + 1)
# parse group contents
if group is not None:
try:
group = state.opengroup(name)
except error as err:
raise source.error(err.msg, len(name) + 1) from None
sub_verbose = ((verbose or (add_flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE)) and
not (del_flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE))
p = _parse_sub(source, state, sub_verbose, nested + 1)
if not source.match(")"):
raise source.error("missing ), unterminated subpattern",
source.tell() - start)
if group is not None:
state.closegroup(group, p)
subpatternappend((SUBPATTERN, (group, add_flags, del_flags, p)))
elif this == "^":
subpatternappend((AT, AT_BEGINNING))
elif this == "$":
subpatternappend((AT, AT_END))
else:
raise AssertionError("unsupported special character %r" % (char,))
# unpack non-capturing groups
for i in range(len(subpattern))[::-1]:
op, av = subpattern[i]
if op is SUBPATTERN:
group, add_flags, del_flags, p = av
if group is None and not add_flags and not del_flags:
subpattern[i: i+1] = p
return subpattern
def _parse_flags(source, state, char):
sourceget = source.get
add_flags = 0
del_flags = 0
if char != "-":
while True:
flag = FLAGS[char]
if source.istext:
if char == 'L':
msg = "bad inline flags: cannot use 'L' flag with a str pattern"
raise source.error(msg)
else:
if char == 'u':
msg = "bad inline flags: cannot use 'u' flag with a bytes pattern"
raise source.error(msg)
add_flags |= flag
if (flag & TYPE_FLAGS) and (add_flags & TYPE_FLAGS) != flag:
msg = "bad inline flags: flags 'a', 'u' and 'L' are incompatible"
raise source.error(msg)
char = sourceget()
if char is None:
raise source.error("missing -, : or )")
if char in ")-:":
break
if char not in FLAGS:
msg = "unknown flag" if char.isalpha() else "missing -, : or )"
raise source.error(msg, len(char))
if char == ")":
state.flags |= add_flags
return None
if add_flags & GLOBAL_FLAGS:
raise source.error("bad inline flags: cannot turn on global flag", 1)
if char == "-":
char = sourceget()
if char is None:
raise source.error("missing flag")
if char not in FLAGS:
msg = "unknown flag" if char.isalpha() else "missing flag"
raise source.error(msg, len(char))
while True:
flag = FLAGS[char]
if flag & TYPE_FLAGS:
msg = "bad inline flags: cannot turn off flags 'a', 'u' and 'L'"
raise source.error(msg)
del_flags |= flag
char = sourceget()
if char is None:
raise source.error("missing :")
if char == ":":
break
if char not in FLAGS:
msg = "unknown flag" if char.isalpha() else "missing :"
raise source.error(msg, len(char))
assert char == ":"
if del_flags & GLOBAL_FLAGS:
raise source.error("bad inline flags: cannot turn off global flag", 1)
if add_flags & del_flags:
raise source.error("bad inline flags: flag turned on and off", 1)
return add_flags, del_flags
def fix_flags(src, flags):
# Check and fix flags according to the type of pattern (str or bytes)
if isinstance(src, str):
if flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE:
raise ValueError("cannot use LOCALE flag with a str pattern")
if not flags & SRE_FLAG_ASCII:
flags |= SRE_FLAG_UNICODE
elif flags & SRE_FLAG_UNICODE:
raise ValueError("ASCII and UNICODE flags are incompatible")
else:
if flags & SRE_FLAG_UNICODE:
raise ValueError("cannot use UNICODE flag with a bytes pattern")
if flags & SRE_FLAG_LOCALE and flags & SRE_FLAG_ASCII:
raise ValueError("ASCII and LOCALE flags are incompatible")
return flags
def parse(str, flags=0, state=None):
# parse 're' pattern into list of (opcode, argument) tuples
source = Tokenizer(str)
if state is None:
state = State()
state.flags = flags
state.str = str
try:
p = _parse_sub(source, state, flags & SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE, 0)
except Verbose:
# the VERBOSE flag was switched on inside the pattern. to be
# on the safe side, we'll parse the whole thing again...
state = State()
state.flags = flags | SRE_FLAG_VERBOSE
state.str = str
source.seek(0)
p = _parse_sub(source, state, True, 0)
p.state.flags = fix_flags(str, p.state.flags)
if source.next is not None:
assert source.next == ")"
raise source.error("unbalanced parenthesis")
if flags & SRE_FLAG_DEBUG:
p.dump()
return p
def parse_template(source, state):
# parse 're' replacement string into list of literals and
# group references
s = Tokenizer(source)
sget = s.get
groups = []
literals = []
literal = []
lappend = literal.append
def addgroup(index, pos):
if index > state.groups:
raise s.error("invalid group reference %d" % index, pos)
if literal:
literals.append(''.join(literal))
del literal[:]
groups.append((len(literals), index))
literals.append(None)
groupindex = state.groupindex
while True:
this = sget()
if this is None:
break # end of replacement string
if this[0] == "\\":
# group
c = this[1]
if c == "g":
name = ""
if not s.match("<"):
raise s.error("missing <")
name = s.getuntil(">", "group name")
if name.isidentifier():
try:
index = groupindex[name]
except KeyError:
raise IndexError("unknown group name %r" % name)
else:
try:
index = int(name)
if index < 0:
raise ValueError
except ValueError:
raise s.error("bad character in group name %r" % name,
len(name) + 1) from None
if index >= MAXGROUPS:
raise s.error("invalid group reference %d" % index,
len(name) + 1)
addgroup(index, len(name) + 1)
elif c == "0":
if s.next in OCTDIGITS:
this += sget()
if s.next in OCTDIGITS:
this += sget()
lappend(chr(int(this[1:], 8) & 0xff))
elif c in DIGITS:
isoctal = False
if s.next in DIGITS:
this += sget()
if (c in OCTDIGITS and this[2] in OCTDIGITS and
s.next in OCTDIGITS):
this += sget()
isoctal = True
c = int(this[1:], 8)
if c > 0o377:
raise s.error('octal escape value %s outside of '
'range 0-0o377' % this, len(this))
lappend(chr(c))
if not isoctal:
addgroup(int(this[1:]), len(this) - 1)
else:
try:
this = chr(ESCAPES[this][1])
except KeyError:
if c in ASCIILETTERS:
raise s.error('bad escape %s' % this, len(this))
lappend(this)
else:
lappend(this)
if literal:
literals.append(''.join(literal))
if not isinstance(source, str):
# The tokenizer implicitly decodes bytes objects as latin-1, we must
# therefore re-encode the final representation.
literals = [None if s is None else s.encode('latin-1') for s in literals]
return groups, literals
def expand_template(template, match):
g = match.group
empty = match.string[:0]
groups, literals = template
literals = literals[:]
try:
for index, group in groups:
literals[index] = g(group) or empty
except IndexError:
raise error("invalid group reference %d" % index)
return empty.join(literals)
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LinuXploit