Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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"""Recognize image file formats based on their first few bytes."""
from os import PathLike
__all__ = ["what"]
#-------------------------#
# Recognize image headers #
#-------------------------#
def what(file, h=None):
f = None
try:
if h is None:
if isinstance(file, (str, PathLike)):
f = open(file, 'rb')
h = f.read(32)
else:
location = file.tell()
h = file.read(32)
file.seek(location)
for tf in tests:
res = tf(h, f)
if res:
return res
finally:
if f: f.close()
return None
#---------------------------------#
# Subroutines per image file type #
#---------------------------------#
tests = []
def test_jpeg(h, f):
"""JPEG data in JFIF or Exif format"""
if h[6:10] in (b'JFIF', b'Exif'):
return 'jpeg'
tests.append(test_jpeg)
def test_png(h, f):
if h.startswith(b'\211PNG\r\n\032\n'):
return 'png'
tests.append(test_png)
def test_gif(h, f):
"""GIF ('87 and '89 variants)"""
if h[:6] in (b'GIF87a', b'GIF89a'):
return 'gif'
tests.append(test_gif)
def test_tiff(h, f):
"""TIFF (can be in Motorola or Intel byte order)"""
if h[:2] in (b'MM', b'II'):
return 'tiff'
tests.append(test_tiff)
def test_rgb(h, f):
"""SGI image library"""
if h.startswith(b'\001\332'):
return 'rgb'
tests.append(test_rgb)
def test_pbm(h, f):
"""PBM (portable bitmap)"""
if len(h) >= 3 and \
h[0] == ord(b'P') and h[1] in b'14' and h[2] in b' \t\n\r':
return 'pbm'
tests.append(test_pbm)
def test_pgm(h, f):
"""PGM (portable graymap)"""
if len(h) >= 3 and \
h[0] == ord(b'P') and h[1] in b'25' and h[2] in b' \t\n\r':
return 'pgm'
tests.append(test_pgm)
def test_ppm(h, f):
"""PPM (portable pixmap)"""
if len(h) >= 3 and \
h[0] == ord(b'P') and h[1] in b'36' and h[2] in b' \t\n\r':
return 'ppm'
tests.append(test_ppm)
def test_rast(h, f):
"""Sun raster file"""
if h.startswith(b'\x59\xA6\x6A\x95'):
return 'rast'
tests.append(test_rast)
def test_xbm(h, f):
"""X bitmap (X10 or X11)"""
if h.startswith(b'#define '):
return 'xbm'
tests.append(test_xbm)
def test_bmp(h, f):
if h.startswith(b'BM'):
return 'bmp'
tests.append(test_bmp)
def test_webp(h, f):
if h.startswith(b'RIFF') and h[8:12] == b'WEBP':
return 'webp'
tests.append(test_webp)
def test_exr(h, f):
if h.startswith(b'\x76\x2f\x31\x01'):
return 'exr'
tests.append(test_exr)
#--------------------#
# Small test program #
#--------------------#
def test():
import sys
recursive = 0
if sys.argv[1:] and sys.argv[1] == '-r':
del sys.argv[1:2]
recursive = 1
try:
if sys.argv[1:]:
testall(sys.argv[1:], recursive, 1)
else:
testall(['.'], recursive, 1)
except KeyboardInterrupt:
sys.stderr.write('\n[Interrupted]\n')
sys.exit(1)
def testall(list, recursive, toplevel):
import sys
import os
for filename in list:
if os.path.isdir(filename):
print(filename + '/:', end=' ')
if recursive or toplevel:
print('recursing down:')
import glob
names = glob.glob(os.path.join(glob.escape(filename), '*'))
testall(names, recursive, 0)
else:
print('*** directory (use -r) ***')
else:
print(filename + ':', end=' ')
sys.stdout.flush()
try:
print(what(filename))
except OSError:
print('*** not found ***')
if __name__ == '__main__':
test()
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