Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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"""Internal classes used by the gzip, lzma and bz2 modules"""
import io
BUFFER_SIZE = io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE # Compressed data read chunk size
class BaseStream(io.BufferedIOBase):
"""Mode-checking helper functions."""
def _check_not_closed(self):
if self.closed:
raise ValueError("I/O operation on closed file")
def _check_can_read(self):
if not self.readable():
raise io.UnsupportedOperation("File not open for reading")
def _check_can_write(self):
if not self.writable():
raise io.UnsupportedOperation("File not open for writing")
def _check_can_seek(self):
if not self.readable():
raise io.UnsupportedOperation("Seeking is only supported "
"on files open for reading")
if not self.seekable():
raise io.UnsupportedOperation("The underlying file object "
"does not support seeking")
class DecompressReader(io.RawIOBase):
"""Adapts the decompressor API to a RawIOBase reader API"""
def readable(self):
return True
def __init__(self, fp, decomp_factory, trailing_error=(), **decomp_args):
self._fp = fp
self._eof = False
self._pos = 0 # Current offset in decompressed stream
# Set to size of decompressed stream once it is known, for SEEK_END
self._size = -1
# Save the decompressor factory and arguments.
# If the file contains multiple compressed streams, each
# stream will need a separate decompressor object. A new decompressor
# object is also needed when implementing a backwards seek().
self._decomp_factory = decomp_factory
self._decomp_args = decomp_args
self._decompressor = self._decomp_factory(**self._decomp_args)
# Exception class to catch from decompressor signifying invalid
# trailing data to ignore
self._trailing_error = trailing_error
def close(self):
self._decompressor = None
return super().close()
def seekable(self):
return self._fp.seekable()
def readinto(self, b):
with memoryview(b) as view, view.cast("B") as byte_view:
data = self.read(len(byte_view))
byte_view[:len(data)] = data
return len(data)
def read(self, size=-1):
if size < 0:
return self.readall()
if not size or self._eof:
return b""
data = None # Default if EOF is encountered
# Depending on the input data, our call to the decompressor may not
# return any data. In this case, try again after reading another block.
while True:
if self._decompressor.eof:
rawblock = (self._decompressor.unused_data or
self._fp.read(BUFFER_SIZE))
if not rawblock:
break
# Continue to next stream.
self._decompressor = self._decomp_factory(
**self._decomp_args)
try:
data = self._decompressor.decompress(rawblock, size)
except self._trailing_error:
# Trailing data isn't a valid compressed stream; ignore it.
break
else:
if self._decompressor.needs_input:
rawblock = self._fp.read(BUFFER_SIZE)
if not rawblock:
raise EOFError("Compressed file ended before the "
"end-of-stream marker was reached")
else:
rawblock = b""
data = self._decompressor.decompress(rawblock, size)
if data:
break
if not data:
self._eof = True
self._size = self._pos
return b""
self._pos += len(data)
return data
# Rewind the file to the beginning of the data stream.
def _rewind(self):
self._fp.seek(0)
self._eof = False
self._pos = 0
self._decompressor = self._decomp_factory(**self._decomp_args)
def seek(self, offset, whence=io.SEEK_SET):
# Recalculate offset as an absolute file position.
if whence == io.SEEK_SET:
pass
elif whence == io.SEEK_CUR:
offset = self._pos + offset
elif whence == io.SEEK_END:
# Seeking relative to EOF - we need to know the file's size.
if self._size < 0:
while self.read(io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE):
pass
offset = self._size + offset
else:
raise ValueError("Invalid value for whence: {}".format(whence))
# Make it so that offset is the number of bytes to skip forward.
if offset < self._pos:
self._rewind()
else:
offset -= self._pos
# Read and discard data until we reach the desired position.
while offset > 0:
data = self.read(min(io.DEFAULT_BUFFER_SIZE, offset))
if not data:
break
offset -= len(data)
return self._pos
def tell(self):
"""Return the current file position."""
return self._pos
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