Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /lib/python3.9/_compat_pickle.py
# This module is used to map the old Python 2 names to the new names used in
# Python 3 for the pickle module.  This needed to make pickle streams
# generated with Python 2 loadable by Python 3.

# This is a copy of lib2to3.fixes.fix_imports.MAPPING.  We cannot import
# lib2to3 and use the mapping defined there, because lib2to3 uses pickle.
# Thus, this could cause the module to be imported recursively.
IMPORT_MAPPING = {
    '__builtin__' : 'builtins',
    'copy_reg': 'copyreg',
    'Queue': 'queue',
    'SocketServer': 'socketserver',
    'ConfigParser': 'configparser',
    'repr': 'reprlib',
    'tkFileDialog': 'tkinter.filedialog',
    'tkSimpleDialog': 'tkinter.simpledialog',
    'tkColorChooser': 'tkinter.colorchooser',
    'tkCommonDialog': 'tkinter.commondialog',
    'Dialog': 'tkinter.dialog',
    'Tkdnd': 'tkinter.dnd',
    'tkFont': 'tkinter.font',
    'tkMessageBox': 'tkinter.messagebox',
    'ScrolledText': 'tkinter.scrolledtext',
    'Tkconstants': 'tkinter.constants',
    'Tix': 'tkinter.tix',
    'ttk': 'tkinter.ttk',
    'Tkinter': 'tkinter',
    'markupbase': '_markupbase',
    '_winreg': 'winreg',
    'thread': '_thread',
    'dummy_thread': '_dummy_thread',
    'dbhash': 'dbm.bsd',
    'dumbdbm': 'dbm.dumb',
    'dbm': 'dbm.ndbm',
    'gdbm': 'dbm.gnu',
    'xmlrpclib': 'xmlrpc.client',
    'SimpleXMLRPCServer': 'xmlrpc.server',
    'httplib': 'http.client',
    'htmlentitydefs' : 'html.entities',
    'HTMLParser' : 'html.parser',
    'Cookie': 'http.cookies',
    'cookielib': 'http.cookiejar',
    'BaseHTTPServer': 'http.server',
    'test.test_support': 'test.support',
    'commands': 'subprocess',
    'urlparse' : 'urllib.parse',
    'robotparser' : 'urllib.robotparser',
    'urllib2': 'urllib.request',
    'anydbm': 'dbm',
    '_abcoll' : 'collections.abc',
}


# This contains rename rules that are easy to handle.  We ignore the more
# complex stuff (e.g. mapping the names in the urllib and types modules).
# These rules should be run before import names are fixed.
NAME_MAPPING = {
    ('__builtin__', 'xrange'):     ('builtins', 'range'),
    ('__builtin__', 'reduce'):     ('functools', 'reduce'),
    ('__builtin__', 'intern'):     ('sys', 'intern'),
    ('__builtin__', 'unichr'):     ('builtins', 'chr'),
    ('__builtin__', 'unicode'):    ('builtins', 'str'),
    ('__builtin__', 'long'):       ('builtins', 'int'),
    ('itertools', 'izip'):         ('builtins', 'zip'),
    ('itertools', 'imap'):         ('builtins', 'map'),
    ('itertools', 'ifilter'):      ('builtins', 'filter'),
    ('itertools', 'ifilterfalse'): ('itertools', 'filterfalse'),
    ('itertools', 'izip_longest'): ('itertools', 'zip_longest'),
    ('UserDict', 'IterableUserDict'): ('collections', 'UserDict'),
    ('UserList', 'UserList'): ('collections', 'UserList'),
    ('UserString', 'UserString'): ('collections', 'UserString'),
    ('whichdb', 'whichdb'): ('dbm', 'whichdb'),
    ('_socket', 'fromfd'): ('socket', 'fromfd'),
    ('_multiprocessing', 'Connection'): ('multiprocessing.connection', 'Connection'),
    ('multiprocessing.process', 'Process'): ('multiprocessing.context', 'Process'),
    ('multiprocessing.forking', 'Popen'): ('multiprocessing.popen_fork', 'Popen'),
    ('urllib', 'ContentTooShortError'): ('urllib.error', 'ContentTooShortError'),
    ('urllib', 'getproxies'): ('urllib.request', 'getproxies'),
    ('urllib', 'pathname2url'): ('urllib.request', 'pathname2url'),
    ('urllib', 'quote_plus'): ('urllib.parse', 'quote_plus'),
    ('urllib', 'quote'): ('urllib.parse', 'quote'),
    ('urllib', 'unquote_plus'): ('urllib.parse', 'unquote_plus'),
    ('urllib', 'unquote'): ('urllib.parse', 'unquote'),
    ('urllib', 'url2pathname'): ('urllib.request', 'url2pathname'),
    ('urllib', 'urlcleanup'): ('urllib.request', 'urlcleanup'),
    ('urllib', 'urlencode'): ('urllib.parse', 'urlencode'),
    ('urllib', 'urlopen'): ('urllib.request', 'urlopen'),
    ('urllib', 'urlretrieve'): ('urllib.request', 'urlretrieve'),
    ('urllib2', 'HTTPError'): ('urllib.error', 'HTTPError'),
    ('urllib2', 'URLError'): ('urllib.error', 'URLError'),
}

PYTHON2_EXCEPTIONS = (
    "ArithmeticError",
    "AssertionError",
    "AttributeError",
    "BaseException",
    "BufferError",
    "BytesWarning",
    "DeprecationWarning",
    "EOFError",
    "EnvironmentError",
    "Exception",
    "FloatingPointError",
    "FutureWarning",
    "GeneratorExit",
    "IOError",
    "ImportError",
    "ImportWarning",
    "IndentationError",
    "IndexError",
    "KeyError",
    "KeyboardInterrupt",
    "LookupError",
    "MemoryError",
    "NameError",
    "NotImplementedError",
    "OSError",
    "OverflowError",
    "PendingDeprecationWarning",
    "ReferenceError",
    "RuntimeError",
    "RuntimeWarning",
    # StandardError is gone in Python 3, so we map it to Exception
    "StopIteration",
    "SyntaxError",
    "SyntaxWarning",
    "SystemError",
    "SystemExit",
    "TabError",
    "TypeError",
    "UnboundLocalError",
    "UnicodeDecodeError",
    "UnicodeEncodeError",
    "UnicodeError",
    "UnicodeTranslateError",
    "UnicodeWarning",
    "UserWarning",
    "ValueError",
    "Warning",
    "ZeroDivisionError",
)

try:
    WindowsError
except NameError:
    pass
else:
    PYTHON2_EXCEPTIONS += ("WindowsError",)

for excname in PYTHON2_EXCEPTIONS:
    NAME_MAPPING[("exceptions", excname)] = ("builtins", excname)

MULTIPROCESSING_EXCEPTIONS = (
    'AuthenticationError',
    'BufferTooShort',
    'ProcessError',
    'TimeoutError',
)

for excname in MULTIPROCESSING_EXCEPTIONS:
    NAME_MAPPING[("multiprocessing", excname)] = ("multiprocessing.context", excname)

# Same, but for 3.x to 2.x
REVERSE_IMPORT_MAPPING = dict((v, k) for (k, v) in IMPORT_MAPPING.items())
assert len(REVERSE_IMPORT_MAPPING) == len(IMPORT_MAPPING)
REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING = dict((v, k) for (k, v) in NAME_MAPPING.items())
assert len(REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING) == len(NAME_MAPPING)

# Non-mutual mappings.

IMPORT_MAPPING.update({
    'cPickle': 'pickle',
    '_elementtree': 'xml.etree.ElementTree',
    'FileDialog': 'tkinter.filedialog',
    'SimpleDialog': 'tkinter.simpledialog',
    'DocXMLRPCServer': 'xmlrpc.server',
    'SimpleHTTPServer': 'http.server',
    'CGIHTTPServer': 'http.server',
    # For compatibility with broken pickles saved in old Python 3 versions
    'UserDict': 'collections',
    'UserList': 'collections',
    'UserString': 'collections',
    'whichdb': 'dbm',
    'StringIO':  'io',
    'cStringIO': 'io',
})

REVERSE_IMPORT_MAPPING.update({
    '_bz2': 'bz2',
    '_dbm': 'dbm',
    '_functools': 'functools',
    '_gdbm': 'gdbm',
    '_pickle': 'pickle',
})

NAME_MAPPING.update({
    ('__builtin__', 'basestring'): ('builtins', 'str'),
    ('exceptions', 'StandardError'): ('builtins', 'Exception'),
    ('UserDict', 'UserDict'): ('collections', 'UserDict'),
    ('socket', '_socketobject'): ('socket', 'SocketType'),
})

REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING.update({
    ('_functools', 'reduce'): ('__builtin__', 'reduce'),
    ('tkinter.filedialog', 'FileDialog'): ('FileDialog', 'FileDialog'),
    ('tkinter.filedialog', 'LoadFileDialog'): ('FileDialog', 'LoadFileDialog'),
    ('tkinter.filedialog', 'SaveFileDialog'): ('FileDialog', 'SaveFileDialog'),
    ('tkinter.simpledialog', 'SimpleDialog'): ('SimpleDialog', 'SimpleDialog'),
    ('xmlrpc.server', 'ServerHTMLDoc'): ('DocXMLRPCServer', 'ServerHTMLDoc'),
    ('xmlrpc.server', 'XMLRPCDocGenerator'):
        ('DocXMLRPCServer', 'XMLRPCDocGenerator'),
    ('xmlrpc.server', 'DocXMLRPCRequestHandler'):
        ('DocXMLRPCServer', 'DocXMLRPCRequestHandler'),
    ('xmlrpc.server', 'DocXMLRPCServer'):
        ('DocXMLRPCServer', 'DocXMLRPCServer'),
    ('xmlrpc.server', 'DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler'):
        ('DocXMLRPCServer', 'DocCGIXMLRPCRequestHandler'),
    ('http.server', 'SimpleHTTPRequestHandler'):
        ('SimpleHTTPServer', 'SimpleHTTPRequestHandler'),
    ('http.server', 'CGIHTTPRequestHandler'):
        ('CGIHTTPServer', 'CGIHTTPRequestHandler'),
    ('_socket', 'socket'): ('socket', '_socketobject'),
})

PYTHON3_OSERROR_EXCEPTIONS = (
    'BrokenPipeError',
    'ChildProcessError',
    'ConnectionAbortedError',
    'ConnectionError',
    'ConnectionRefusedError',
    'ConnectionResetError',
    'FileExistsError',
    'FileNotFoundError',
    'InterruptedError',
    'IsADirectoryError',
    'NotADirectoryError',
    'PermissionError',
    'ProcessLookupError',
    'TimeoutError',
)

for excname in PYTHON3_OSERROR_EXCEPTIONS:
    REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING[('builtins', excname)] = ('exceptions', 'OSError')

PYTHON3_IMPORTERROR_EXCEPTIONS = (
    'ModuleNotFoundError',
)

for excname in PYTHON3_IMPORTERROR_EXCEPTIONS:
    REVERSE_NAME_MAPPING[('builtins', excname)] = ('exceptions', 'ImportError')

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