Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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"""
Basic subprocess implementation for POSIX which only uses os functions. Only
implement features required by setup.py to build C extension modules when
subprocess is unavailable. setup.py is not used on Windows.
"""
import os
# distutils.spawn used by distutils.command.build_ext
# calls subprocess.Popen().wait()
class Popen:
def __init__(self, cmd, env=None):
self._cmd = cmd
self._env = env
self.returncode = None
def wait(self):
pid = os.fork()
if pid == 0:
# Child process
try:
if self._env is not None:
os.execve(self._cmd[0], self._cmd, self._env)
else:
os.execv(self._cmd[0], self._cmd)
finally:
os._exit(1)
else:
# Parent process
_, status = os.waitpid(pid, 0)
self.returncode = os.waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)
return self.returncode
def _check_cmd(cmd):
# Use regex [a-zA-Z0-9./-]+: reject empty string, space, etc.
safe_chars = []
for first, last in (("a", "z"), ("A", "Z"), ("0", "9")):
for ch in range(ord(first), ord(last) + 1):
safe_chars.append(chr(ch))
safe_chars.append("./-")
safe_chars = ''.join(safe_chars)
if isinstance(cmd, (tuple, list)):
check_strs = cmd
elif isinstance(cmd, str):
check_strs = [cmd]
else:
return False
for arg in check_strs:
if not isinstance(arg, str):
return False
if not arg:
# reject empty string
return False
for ch in arg:
if ch not in safe_chars:
return False
return True
# _aix_support used by distutil.util calls subprocess.check_output()
def check_output(cmd, **kwargs):
if kwargs:
raise NotImplementedError(repr(kwargs))
if not _check_cmd(cmd):
raise ValueError(f"unsupported command: {cmd!r}")
tmp_filename = "check_output.tmp"
if not isinstance(cmd, str):
cmd = " ".join(cmd)
cmd = f"{cmd} >{tmp_filename}"
try:
# system() spawns a shell
status = os.system(cmd)
exitcode = os.waitstatus_to_exitcode(status)
if exitcode:
raise ValueError(f"Command {cmd!r} returned non-zero "
f"exit status {exitcode!r}")
try:
with open(tmp_filename, "rb") as fp:
stdout = fp.read()
except FileNotFoundError:
stdout = b''
finally:
try:
os.unlink(tmp_filename)
except OSError:
pass
return stdout
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