Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# This file is part of cloud-init. See LICENSE file for license information.
# This script is meant to "kvmify" an image. Its not meant to be
# terribly robust, or a good idea to ever run in a "real image".
# its' only intended method of invocation is from the kernel as 'init'
# in which case it will then invoke /sbin/init after it is done
# init=/path/to/kvmify-init
KEY="xupdate"
UMOUNT=""
RMDIR=""
MARK=/var/lib/cloud/sem/uncloud-init.once
ROOT_RW=""
doexec() {
if [ -n "$ROOT_RW" ]; then
mkdir -p "${MARK%/*}";
date > "${MARK}";
fi
cleanup;
log "invoking /sbin/init $*"
exec /sbin/init "$@";
}
log() { echo "::${0##*/}:" "$@"; }
cleanup() {
[ -z "${UMOUNT}" ] || { umount "${UMOUNT}" && unset UMOUNT; }
[ -z "${RMDIR}" ] || { rm -Rf "${RMDIR}" && unset RMDIR; }
[ -z "${ROOT_RW}" ] || { mount -o remount,ro / ; unset ROOT_RW; }
}
updateFrom() {
local dev=$1 fmt=$2
local mp="";
[ "${fmt}" = "tar" -o "${fmt}" = "mnt" ] ||
{ log FAIL "unknown format ${fmt}"; return 1; }
log INFO "updating from ${dev} format ${fmt}"
[ ! -e "${dev}" -a -e "/dev/${dev}" ] && dev="/dev/${dev}"
[ -e "${dev}" ] || { echo "no file $dev"; return 2; }
mp=$(mktemp -d "${TEMPDIR:-/tmp}/update.XXXXXX") &&
RMDIR="${mp}" ||
{ log FAIL "failed to mktemp"; return 1; }
if [ "$fmt" = "tar" ]; then
dd "if=${dev}" | ( tar -C "${mp}" -xf - ) ||
{ log FAIL "failed to extract ${dev}"; return 1; }
elif [ "$fmt" = "mnt" ]; then
mount -o ro "${dev}" "${mp}" && UMOUNT=${mp} ||
{ log FAIL "failed mount ${mp}"; return 1; }
else
log FAIL "unknown format ${fmt}"; return 1;
fi
if [ -d "${mp}/updates" ]; then
rsync -av "${mp}/updates/" "/" ||
{ log FAIL "failed rsync updates/ /"; return 1; }
fi
if [ -f "${mp}/updates.tar" ]; then
tar -C / -xvf "${mp}/updates.tar" ||
{ log FAIL "failed tar -C / -xvf ${mp}/updates.tar"; return 1; }
fi
script="${mp}/updates.script"
if [ -f "${script}" -a -x "${script}" ]; then
MP_DIR=${mp} "${mp}/updates.script" ||
{ log FAIL "failed to run updates.script"; return 1; }
fi
}
fail() { { [ $# -eq 0 ] && log "FAILING" ; } || log "$@"; exit 1; }
[ -s "$MARK" ] && { log "already updated" ; doexec "$@"; }
mount -o remount,rw / || fail "failed to mount rw"
ROOT_RW=1
if [ ! -e /proc/cmdline ]; then
mount -t proc /proc /proc
read cmdline < /proc/cmdline
umount /proc
else
read cmdline < /proc/cmdline
fi
ubuntu_pass=""
for x in ${cmdline}; do
case "$x" in
${KEY}=*)
val=${x#${KEY}=}
dev=${val%:*}
[ "${dev}" = "${val}" ] && fmt="" || fmt=${val#${dev}:}
log "update from ${dev},${fmt}"
updateFrom "${dev}" "${fmt}" || fail "update failed"
log "end update ${dev},${fmt}"
;;
ubuntu-pass=*|ubuntu_pass=*) ubuntu_pass=${x#*=};;
helpmount) helpmount=1;;
root=*) rootspec=${x#root=};;
esac
done
if [ "${ubuntu_pass}" = "R" -o "${ubuntu_pass}" = "random" ]; then
ubuntu_pass=$(python -c 'import string, random;
random.seed(); print "".join(random.sample(string.letters+string.digits, 8))')
log "settting ubuntu pass = ${ubuntu_pass}"
printf "\n===\nubuntu_pass = %s\n===\n" "${ubuntu_pass}" >/dev/ttyS0
fi
[ -z "${ubuntu_pass}" ] ||
printf "ubuntu:%s\n" "${ubuntu_pass}" > /root/ubuntu-user-pass
if [ -e /root/ubuntu-user-pass ]; then
log "changing ubuntu user's password!"
chpasswd < /root/ubuntu-user-pass ||
log "FAIL: failed changing pass"
fi
cp /etc/init/tty2.conf /etc/init/ttyS0.conf &&
sed -i s,tty2,ttyS0,g /etc/init/ttyS0.conf 2>/dev/null &&
log "enabled console on ttyS0"
pa=PasswordAuthentication
sed -i "s,${pa} no,${pa} yes," /etc/ssh/sshd_config 2>/dev/null &&
log "enabled passwd auth in ssh" ||
log "failed to enable passwd ssh"
grep -q vga16fb /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf || {
echo "blacklist vga16fb" >> /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf &&
log "blacklisted vga16fb"
}
#lstr="${rootspec}"
#if ! grep -q "^${lstr}[[:space:]]" /etc/fstab; then
# log "changing / in /etc/ftab to agree with cmdline (${lstr}) (bug 509841)"
# sed -i "s,^\([^[[:space:]#]\+\)\([[:space:]]\+\)/\([[:space:]]\+\),${lstr}\2/\3," /etc/fstab
#fi
doexec "$@"
# vi: ts=4 noexpandtab
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