Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /home/bilfatvps/html/journal.stitaf.ac.id/tools/poToCurrencies.php
<?php

/**
 * @file tools/poToCurrencies.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class poToCurrencies
 * @ingroup tools
 *
 * @brief CLI tool to convert a .PO file for ISO4217 into the currencies.xml format
 * supported by the PKP suite.
 */

require(dirname(__FILE__) . '/bootstrap.inc.php');

define('PO_TO_CSV_TOOL', '/usr/bin/po2csv');

class poToCurrencies extends CommandLineTool {
	/** @var $locale string */
	var $locale;

	/** @var $translationFile string */
	var $translationFile;

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 */
	function __construct($argv = array()) {
		parent::__construct($argv);

		array_shift($argv); // Shift tool name off the top
		$this->locale = array_shift($argv);
		$this->translationFile = array_shift($argv);

		if (	!preg_match('/^[a-z]{2}_[A-Z]{2}$/', $this->locale) ||
			empty($this->translationFile) ||
			!file_exists($this->translationFile)
		) {
			$this->usage();
			exit(1);
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Print command usage information.
	 */
	function usage() {
		echo "Script to convert PO file to OJS's ISO4217 XML format\n"
			. "Usage: {$this->scriptName} locale /path/to/translation.po\n";
	}

	/**
	 * Rebuild the search index for all articles in all journals.
	 */
	function execute() {
		// Read the translated file as a map from English => Whatever
		$ih = popen(PO_TO_CSV_TOOL . ' ' . escapeshellarg($this->translationFile), 'r');
		if (!$ih) die ('Unable to read ' . $this->translationFile . ' using ' . PO_TO_CSV_TOOL . "\n");

		$translationMap = array();
		while ($row = fgetcsv($ih)) {
			if (count($row) != 3) continue;
			list($comment, $english, $translation) = $row;
			$translationMap[$english] = $translation;
		}
		fclose($ih);

		// Get the English map
		$currencyDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('CurrencyDAO');
		$currencies = $currencyDao->getCurrencies();

		// Generate a map of code => translation
		$outputMap = array();
		foreach ($currencies as $currency) {
			$english = $currency->getName();

			if (!isset($translationMap[$english])) {
				echo "WARNING: Unknown currency \"$english\"! Using English as default.\n";
			} else {
				$currency->setName($translationMap[$english]);
			}
			$outputMap[] = $currency;
		}

		// Use the map to convert the currency list to the new locale
		$ofn = 'locale/' . $this->locale . '/currencies.xml';
		$oh = fopen($ofn, 'w');
		if (!$oh) die ("Unable to $ofn for writing.\n");

		fwrite($oh, '<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<!--
  * currencies.xml
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2003-2019 Simon Fraser University
  * Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
  * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
  *
  * Localized list of currencies.
  -->

<!DOCTYPE currencies [
	<!ELEMENT currencies (currency+)>
		<!ATTLIST currencies
			locale CDATA #REQUIRED>
	<!ELEMENT currency EMPTY>
		<!ATTLIST currency
			code_alpha CDATA #REQUIRED
			code_numeric CDATA #REQUIRED
			name CDATA #REQUIRED>
]>

<currencies locale="' . $this->locale . "\">\n");
		foreach ($outputMap as $currency) {
			fwrite($oh, "	<currency name=\"" . $currency->getName() . "\" code_alpha=\"" . $currency->getCodeAlpha() . "\" code_numeric=\"" . $currency->getCodeNumeric() . "\" />\n");
		}

		fwrite($oh, "</currencies>");
		fclose($oh);
	}
}

$tool = new poToCurrencies(isset($argv) ? $argv : array());
$tool->execute();

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