Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file tools/cleanReviewerInterests.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class ReviewerInterestsDeletionTool
* @ingroup tools
*
* @brief CLI tool to remove user interests that are not referenced by any user accounts.
*/
require(dirname(__FILE__) . '/bootstrap.inc.php');
class ReviewerInterestsDeletionTool extends CommandLineTool {
/**
* Constructor.
* @param $argv array command-line arguments
*/
public function __construct($argv = array()) {
parent::__construct($argv);
if (!sizeof($this->argv)) {
$this->usage();
exit(1);
}
$this->parameters = $this->argv;
}
/**
* Print command usage information.
*/
function usage() {
echo "Permanently removes user interests that are not referenced by any user accounts. USE WITH CARE.\n"
. "Usage:\n"
. "\t{$this->scriptName} --show : Display user interests not referenced\n"
. "\t{$this->scriptName} --remove : Permanently delete user interests not referenced\n";
}
/**
* Remove user interests that are not referenced by any user account
*/
function execute() {
$orphans = $this->_getOrphanVocabInterests();
if (!count($orphans)) {
echo "No user interests to remove.\n";
exit(0);
}
$command = $this->parameters[0];
switch($command) {
case '--show':
$interests = array_map(function($entry) { return $entry->getData(CONTROLLED_VOCAB_INTEREST); }, $orphans);
echo "Below are the user interests that are not referenced by any user account.\n";
echo "\t" . join($interests, "\n\t") . "\n";
break;
case '--remove':
$vocabEntryDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('ControlledVocabEntryDAO');
foreach ($orphans as $orphanVocab) {
$vocabEntryDao->deleteObject($orphanVocab);
}
echo count($orphans) . " entries deleted\n";
break;
default:
echo "Invalid command.\n";
$this->usage();
exit(2);
}
}
/**
* Returns user interests that are not referenced
* @return array array of ControlledVocabEntry object
*/
protected function _getOrphanVocabInterests() {
$interestDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('InterestDAO');
$vocabDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('ControlledVocabDAO');
$vocabEntryDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('ControlledVocabEntryDAO');
$interestVocab = $vocabDao->getBySymbolic(CONTROLLED_VOCAB_INTEREST);
$vocabEntryIterator = $vocabEntryDao->getByControlledVocabId($interestVocab->getId());
$vocabEntryList = $vocabEntryIterator->toArray();
// list of vocab interests in db
$allInterestVocabIds = array_map(
function($entry) {
return $entry->getId();
},
$vocabEntryList
);
// list of vocabs associated to users
$interests = $interestDao->getAllInterests();
$userInterestVocabIds = array_map(
function($interest) {
return $interest->getId();
},
$interests->toArray()
);
// get the difference
$diff = array_diff($allInterestVocabIds, $userInterestVocabIds);
$orphans = array_filter(
$vocabEntryList,
function($entry) use($diff) {
return in_array($entry->getId(), $diff);
}
);
return $orphans;
}
}
$tool = new ReviewerInterestsDeletionTool(isset($argv) ? $argv : array());
$tool->execute();
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