Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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/** * @file styles/helpers.less * * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University * Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING. * * @brief Helper classes * */ // Buttons .pkp_button { display: inline-block; padding: 7px @base; vertical-align: middle; background-color: #eee; background-image: linear-gradient(#eee, #ddd); border: 1px solid #ccc; border-radius: @radius; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.6); font-size: @font-tiny; font-weight: @bold; line-height: @line-tiny; color: @text-rgba; text-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.6); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; -webkit-appearance: none; &:hover, &:focus { background-color: #fff; background-image: linear-gradient(#fff, #ddd); color: #000; } &:active { background-color: #ddd; background-image: linear-gradient(#eee, #ccc); } &[disabled] { opacity: 0.5; cursor: default; } } .pkp_button_primary { &:extend(.pkp_button); background-color: @primary; background-image: linear-gradient( lighten( @primary, 10% ), @primary ); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.4); color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2); border-color: @primary; &:hover, &:focus { text-decoration: none; background-color: @primary-lift; background-image: linear-gradient( lighten( @primary, 20% ), darken( @primary, 5% ) ); color: #fff; } &:active { background-color: darken( @primary, 10% ); background-image: linear-gradient( lighten( @primary, 5% ), darken( @primary, 15% ) ); } &[disabled] { &:extend(.pkp_button[disabled]); } } .pkp_button_offset { &:extend(.pkp_button); background-color: @offset; background-image: linear-gradient( lighten( @offset, 10% ), @offset ); box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1), inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.4); color: #fff; text-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.2); border-color: @offset; &:hover, &:focus { text-decoration: none; background-color: darken( @offset, 5% ); background-image: linear-gradient( lighten( @offset, 20% ), darken( @offset, 5% ) ); color: #fff; } &:active { background-color: darken( @offset, 10% ); background-image: linear-gradient( lighten( @offset, 5% ), darken( @offset, 15% ) ); } &[disabled] { &:extend(.pkp_button[disabled]); } } .pkp_button_link { display: inline-block; padding: 7px @base; vertical-align: middle; font-size: @font-tiny; font-weight: @bold; line-height: @line-tiny; color: @primary; text-shadow: 0 2px 0 rgba(255,255,255,0.6); cursor: pointer; text-decoration: none; -webkit-user-select: none; -moz-user-select: none; -ms-user-select: none; user-select: none; -webkit-appearance: none; &:hover, &:focus { color: @primary-lift; } &:active { color: @primary-shade; } &[disabled] { opacity: 0.5; cursor: default; } } .pkp_button_link_offset { &:extend(.pkp_button_link all); color: @offset; &:hover, &:focus { color: @offset-lift; } &:active { color: @offset-shade; } } // Spinner .pkp_spinner { &:after { display: inline-block; position: relative; width: 20px; height: 20px; vertical-align: middle; .animation( pkp_spin .6s linear infinite ); border-radius: 100%; border-top: 1px solid @shade; border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; border-left: 1px solid @shade; border-right: 1px solid transparent; border-top-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); border-left-color: rgba(0,0,0,0.5); content: ''; opacity: 1; } } // Loading component .pkp_loading { font-size: @font-sml; line-height: @line-sml; .pkp_spinner { margin-right: 0.25em; } } // An unstyled list with default margins, padding and list-style remove .pkp_unstyled_list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; } // CSS triangle // To use, extend .pkp_caret and a direction, like .pkp_caret_down .pkp_caret { content: ' '; display: inline-block; width: 0; height: 0; border: 4px solid transparent; vertical-align: middle; } .pkp_caret_down { border-top: 6px solid; } .pkp_caret_right { border-left: 6px solid; } // Screen-reader text .pkp_screen_reader { clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); position: absolute !important; left: -2000px; &:focus { background-color: #fff; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6); clip: auto !important; color: #000; display: block; font-size: @font-base; height: auto; line-height: normal; padding: @base; position: absolute; left: @half; top: @half; text-decoration: none; width: auto; z-index: 100000; } } // @todo Set this to .pkp_helpers_clear() with parentheses once the class is no // longer used anywhere in the markup, so it doesn't print into the rendered // stylesheet. .pkp_helpers_clear { &:before, &:after { content: " "; display: table; } &:after { clear: both; } } // A help link .pkp_help_link { display: inline-block; padding: 4px 0; font-size: @font-tiny; line-height: @line-tiny; font-weight: @bold; text-decoration: none; } // A small help link that attaches to a tab .pkp_help_tab { position: absolute; top: -@double; right: @double; padding: @half 1em; background: @lift; border-top-left-radius: @radius; border-top-right-radius: @radius; } .pkp_help_modal { &:extend(.pkp_help_tab); top: @double; right: @double * 2; } // Summary of an uploaded file .pkp_uploadedFile_summary { font-size: @font-sml; line-height: @line-sml; .filename { &:extend(.pkp_form .section > .label); .display { line-height: @double; } .edit { line-height: @line-sml; } } .details { margin-top: @half; color: @text-light; > span { margin-left: @double; &:first-child { margin-left: 0; } &:before { .fa(); padding-right: 0.25em; color: #aaa; } } } .pixels:before { content: @fa-var-desktop; } .print { margin-left: @double; &:before { .fa(); padding-right: 0.25em; color: #aaa; content: @fa-var-print; } } .type:before { content: @fa-var-file-o; } .type.pdf:before { content: @fa-var-file-pdf-o; } .type.doc:before, .type.docx:before { content: @fa-var-file-word-o; } .type.xls:before, .type.xlsx:before { content: @fa-var-file-excel-o; } .file_size:before { content: @fa-var-hdd-o; } } // @todo from here on down needs to be evaluated and removed if not useful .pkp_helpers_invisible { visibility: hidden; } .pkp_helpers_display_none { display: none !important; } .pkp_helpers_align_left { float: left; } .pkp_helpers_align_right { float: right; } .pkp_helpers_text_left { text-align: left; } .pkp_helpers_text_right { text-align: right; } .pkp_helpers_text_center { text-align: center; } .pkp_helpers_text_justify { text-align: justify; } .pkp_helpers_title_padding { padding: 5px !important; } .pkp_helpers_image_left { float: left; margin: 4px 10px 4px 0; } .pkp_helpers_image_right { float: right; margin: 4px 0 4px 10px; } .pkp_helpers_container_center { margin: 0 auto; } .pkp_helpers_debug, .pkp_helpers_debug div { border: 1px dashed red; padding: 2px; } .pkp_helpers_flatlist { margin: 0; padding: 0; li { float: left; position: relative; } } .pkp_helpers_bulletlist { li { list-style: disc; } } .pkp_helpers_icon_link_valign { line-height:24px; } .pkp_helpers_moveicon { cursor: move; } .pkp_helpers_full { width: 100%; } .pkp_helpers_half { width: 50%; } .pkp_helpers_third { width: 33%; } .pkp_helpers_quarter { width: 25%; } .pkp_helpers_fifth { width: 20%; } .pkp_helpers_threeQuarter { width: 75%; } .pkp_helpers_underline:after { border-bottom: 2px solid white; content: " "; display: block; } .pkp_helpers_dotted_underline { border-bottom: 1px dotted #999; } .pkp_helpers_black_bg { background-color: black; } .pkp_helpers_text_warn { color: @warn; } .pkp_helpers_text_primary { color: black; } .NMI_TYPE_CUSTOM_EDIT { display: none; }
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