Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/xml/XMLParserDOMHandler.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class XMLParserDOMHandler
* @ingroup xml
* @see XMLParser
*
* @brief Default handler for XMLParser returning a simple DOM-style object.
* This handler parses an XML document into a tree structure of XMLNode objects.
*
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.xml.XMLNode');
class XMLParserDOMHandler extends XMLParserHandler {
/** @var XMLNode reference to the root node */
var $rootNode;
/** @var XMLNode reference to the node currently being parsed */
var $currentNode;
/** @var reference to the current data */
var $currentData;
/**
* Constructor.
*/
function __construct() {
$this->rootNodes = array();
$this->currentNode = null;
}
function destroy() {
unset($this->currentNode, $this->currentData, $this->rootNode);
}
/**
* Callback function to act as the start element handler.
* @param $parser XMLParser
* @param $tag string
* @param $attributes array
*/
function startElement($parser, $tag, $attributes) {
$this->currentData = null;
$node = new XMLNode($tag);
$node->setAttributes($attributes);
if (isset($this->currentNode)) {
$this->currentNode->addChild($node);
$node->setParent($this->currentNode);
} else {
$this->rootNode =& $node;
}
$this->currentNode =& $node;
}
/**
* Callback function to act as the end element handler.
* @param $parser XMLParser
* @param $tag string
*/
function endElement($parser, $tag) {
$this->currentNode->setValue($this->currentData);
$this->currentNode =& $this->currentNode->getParent();
$this->currentData = null;
}
/**
* Callback function to act as the character data handler.
* @param $parser XMLParser
* @param $data string
*/
function characterData($parser, $data) {
$this->currentData .= $data;
}
/**
* Returns a reference to the root node of the tree representing the document.
* @return XMLNode
*/
function getResult() {
return $this->rootNode;
}
}
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