Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/user/InterestDAO.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class InterestDAO
* @ingroup user
* @see User
*
* @brief Operations for retrieving and modifying a user's review interests.
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.controlledVocab.ControlledVocabDAO');
define('CONTROLLED_VOCAB_INTEREST', 'interest');
class InterestDAO extends ControlledVocabDAO {
/**
* Create or return the Controlled Vocabulary for interests
* @return ControlledVocab
*/
function build() {
return parent::_build(CONTROLLED_VOCAB_INTEREST);
}
/**
* Get a list of controlled vocabulary entry IDs (corresponding to interest keywords) attributed to a user
* @param $userId int
* @return array
*/
function getUserInterestIds($userId) {
$controlledVocab = $this->build();
$result = $this->retrieveRange(
'SELECT cve.controlled_vocab_entry_id FROM controlled_vocab_entries cve, user_interests ui WHERE cve.controlled_vocab_id = ? AND ui.controlled_vocab_entry_id = cve.controlled_vocab_entry_id AND ui.user_id = ?',
array((int) $controlledVocab->getId(), (int) $userId)
);
$ids = array();
while (!$result->EOF) {
$row = $result->GetRowAssoc(false);
$ids[] = $row['controlled_vocab_entry_id'];
$result->MoveNext();
}
$result->Close();
return $ids;
}
/**
* Get a list of user IDs attributed to an interest
* @param $userId int
* @return array
*/
function getUserIdsByInterest($interest) {
$result = $this->retrieve('
SELECT ui.user_id
FROM user_interests ui
INNER JOIN controlled_vocab_entry_settings cves ON (ui.controlled_vocab_entry_id = cves.controlled_vocab_entry_id)
WHERE cves.setting_name = ? AND cves.setting_value = ?',
array('interest', $interest)
);
$returner = array();
while (!$result->EOF) {
$row = $result->GetRowAssoc(false);
$returner[] = $row['user_id'];
$result->MoveNext();
}
$result->Close();
return $returner;
}
/**
* Get all user's interests
* @param $filter string (optional)
* @return object
*/
function getAllInterests($filter = null) {
$controlledVocab = $this->build();
$interestEntryDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('InterestEntryDAO');
$iterator = $interestEntryDao->getByControlledVocabId($controlledVocab->getId(), null, $filter);
// Sort by name.
$interests = $iterator->toArray();
usort($interests, function($s1, $s2) {
return strcmp($s1->getInterest(), $s2->getInterest());
});
// Turn back into an iterator.
import('lib.pkp.classes.core.ArrayItemIterator');
return new ArrayItemIterator($interests);
}
/**
* Update a user's set of interests
* @param $interests array
* @param $userId int
*/
function setUserInterests($interests, $userId) {
// Remove duplicates
$interests = isset($interests) ? $interests : array();
$interests = array_unique($interests);
// Trim whitespace
$interests = array_map('trim', $interests);
// Delete the existing interests association.
$this->update(
'DELETE FROM user_interests WHERE user_id = ?',
array((int) $userId)
);
$interestEntryDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('InterestEntryDAO'); /* @var $interestEntryDao InterestEntryDAO */
$controlledVocab = $this->build();
// Store the new interests.
foreach ((array) $interests as $interest) {
$interestEntry = $interestEntryDao->getBySetting($interest, $controlledVocab->getSymbolic(),
$controlledVocab->getAssocId(), $controlledVocab->getAssocType(), $controlledVocab->getSymbolic()
);
if(!$interestEntry) {
$interestEntry = $interestEntryDao->newDataObject(); /* @var $interestEntry InterestEntry */
$interestEntry->setInterest($interest);
$interestEntry->setControlledVocabId($controlledVocab->getId());
$interestEntry->setId($interestEntryDao->insertObject($interestEntry));
}
$this->update(
'INSERT INTO user_interests (user_id, controlled_vocab_entry_id) VALUES (?, ?)',
array((int) $userId, (int) $interestEntry->getId())
);
}
}
}
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