Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /home/bilfatvps/html/journal.stitaf.ac.id/lib/pkp/classes/task/FileLoader.inc.php
<?php

/**
 * @file classes/task/FileLoader.inc.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class FileLoader
 * @ingroup classes_task
 *
 * @brief Base scheduled task class to reliably handle files processing.
 */
import('lib.pkp.classes.scheduledTask.ScheduledTask');

define('FILE_LOADER_RETURN_TO_STAGING', 0x01);
define('FILE_LOADER_ERROR_MESSAGE_TYPE', 'common.error');
define('FILE_LOADER_WARNING_MESSAGE_TYPE', 'common.warning');

define('FILE_LOADER_PATH_STAGING', 'stage');
define('FILE_LOADER_PATH_PROCESSING', 'processing');
define('FILE_LOADER_PATH_REJECT', 'reject');
define('FILE_LOADER_PATH_ARCHIVE', 'archive');

abstract class FileLoader extends ScheduledTask {

	/** @var string The current claimed filename that the script is working on. */
	private $_claimedFilename;

	/** @var string Base directory path for the filesystem. */
	private $_basePath;

	/** @var string Stage directory path. */
	private $_stagePath;

	/** @var string Processing directory path. */
	private $_processingPath;

	/** @var string Archive directory path. */
	private $_archivePath;

	/** @var string Reject directory path. */
	private $_rejectPath;

	/** @var string Reject directory path. */
	private $_adminEmail;

	/** @var string Reject directory path. */
	private $_adminName;

	/** @var array List of staged back files after processing. */
	private $_stagedBackFiles = array();

	/** @var boolean Whether to compress the archived files or not. */
	private $_compressArchives = false;

	/**
	 * Constructor.
	 * @param $args array script arguments
	 */
	function __construct($args) {
		parent::__construct($args);

		// Set an initial process id and load translations (required
		// for email notifications).
		AppLocale::requireComponents(LOCALE_COMPONENT_PKP_ADMIN);

		// Canonicalize the base path.
		$basePath = rtrim($args[0], DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
		$basePathFolder = basename($basePath);
		// We assume that the parent folder of the base path
		// does already exist and can be canonicalized.
		$basePathParent = realpath(dirname($basePath));
		if ($basePathParent === false) {
			$basePath = null;
		} else {
			$basePath = $basePathParent . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $basePathFolder;
		}
		$this->_basePath = $basePath;

		// Configure paths.
		if (!is_null($basePath)) {
			$this->_stagePath = $basePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . FILE_LOADER_PATH_STAGING;
			$this->_archivePath = $basePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . FILE_LOADER_PATH_ARCHIVE;
			$this->_rejectPath = $basePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . FILE_LOADER_PATH_REJECT;
			$this->_processingPath = $basePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . FILE_LOADER_PATH_PROCESSING;
		}

		// Set admin email and name.
		$siteDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('SiteDAO'); /* @var $siteDao SiteDAO */
		$site = $siteDao->getSite(); /* @var $site Site */
		$this->_adminEmail = $site->getLocalizedContactEmail();
		$this->_adminName = $site->getLocalizedContactName();
	}


	//
	// Getters and setters.
	//
	/**
	 * Return the staging path.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getStagePath() {
		return $this->_stagePath;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the processing path.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getProcessingPath() {
		return $this->_processingPath;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the reject path.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getRejectPath() {
		return $this->_rejectPath;
	}

	/**
	 * Return the archive path.
	 * @return string
	 */
	public function getArchivePath() {
		return $this->_archivePath;
	}

	/**
	 * Return whether the archives must be compressed or not.
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	function getCompressArchives() {
		return $this->_compressArchives;
	}

	/**
	 * Set whether the archives must be compressed or not.
	 * @param $compressArchives boolean
	 */
	function setCompressArchives($compressArchives) {
		$this->_compressArchives = $compressArchives;
	}


	//
	// Public methods
	//
	/**
	 * @copydoc ScheduledTask::executeActions()
	 */
	protected function executeActions() {
		if (!$this->checkFolderStructure()) return false;

		$foundErrors = false;
		while(!is_null($filePath = $this->_claimNextFile())) {
			if ($filePath === false) {
				// Problem claiming the file.
				$foundErrors = true;
				break;
			}
			try {
				$result = $this->processFile($filePath);
			} catch(Exception $e) {
				$foundErrors = true;
				$this->_rejectFile();
				$this->addExecutionLogEntry($e->getMessage(), SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR);
				continue;
			}

			if ($result === FILE_LOADER_RETURN_TO_STAGING) {
				$foundErrors = true;
				$this->_stageFile();
				// Let the script know what files were sent back to staging,
				// so it doesn't claim them again thereby entering an infinite loop.
				$this->_stagedBackFiles[] = $this->_claimedFilename;
			} else {
				$this->_archiveFile();
			}

			if ($result) {
				$this->addExecutionLogEntry(__('admin.fileLoader.fileProcessed',
					array('filename' => $filePath)), SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_NOTICE);
			}
		}
		return !$foundErrors;
	}

	/**
	 * A public helper function that can be used to ensure
	 * that the file structure has actually been installed.
	 *
	 * @param $install boolean Set this parameter to true to
	 *  install the folder structure if it is missing.
	 *
	 * @return boolean True if the folder structure exists,
	 *  otherwise false.
	 */
	public function checkFolderStructure($install = false) {
		// Make sure that the base path is inside the private files dir.
		// The files dir has appropriate write permissions and is assumed
		// to be protected against information leak and symlink attacks.
		$filesDir = realpath(Config::getVar('files', 'files_dir'));
		if (is_null($this->_basePath) || strpos($this->_basePath, $filesDir) !== 0) {
			$this->addExecutionLogEntry(__('admin.fileLoader.wrongBasePathLocation', array('path' => $this->_basePath)),
					SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR);
			return false;
		}

		// Check folder presence and readability.
		$pathsToCheck = array(
			$this->_stagePath,
			$this->_archivePath,
			$this->_rejectPath,
			$this->_processingPath
		);
		$fileManager = null;
		foreach($pathsToCheck as $path) {
			if (!(is_dir($path) && is_readable($path))) {
				if ($install) {
					// Try installing the folder if it is missing.
					if (is_null($fileManager)) {
						import('lib.pkp.classes.file.FileManager');
						$fileManager = new FileManager();
					}
					$fileManager->mkdirtree($path);
				}

				// Try again.
				if (!(is_dir($path) && is_readable($path))) {
					// Give up...
					$this->addExecutionLogEntry(__('admin.fileLoader.pathNotAccessible', array('path' => $path)),
							SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR);
					return false;
				}
			}
		}
		return true;
	}


	//
	// Protected methods.
	//
	/**
	 * Process the passed file.
	 * @param $filePath string
	 * @return mixed
	 * @see FileLoader::execute to understand
	 * the expected return values.
	 */
	abstract protected function processFile($filePath);

	/**
	 * Move file between filesystem directories.
	 * @param $sourceDir string
	 * @param $destDir string
	 * @param $filename string
	 * @return string The destination path of the moved file.
	 */
	protected function moveFile($sourceDir, $destDir, $filename) {
		$currentFilePath = $sourceDir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename;
		$destinationPath = $destDir . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $filename;

		if (!rename($currentFilePath, $destinationPath)) {
			$message = __('admin.fileLoader.moveFileFailed', array('filename' => $filename,
				'currentFilePath' => $currentFilePath, 'destinationPath' => $destinationPath));
			$this->addExecutionLogEntry($message, SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR);

			// Script shoudl always stop if it can't manipulate files inside
			// its own directory system.
			fatalError($message);
		}

		return $destinationPath;
	}

	//
	// Private helper methods.
	//
	/**
	 * Claim the first file that's inside the staging folder.
	 * @return mixed The claimed file path or false if
	 * the claim was not successful.
	 */
	private function _claimNextFile() {
		$stageDir = opendir($this->_stagePath);
		$processingFilePath = false;

		while($filename = readdir($stageDir)) {
			if ($filename == '..' || $filename == '.' ||
				in_array($filename, $this->_stagedBackFiles)) continue;

			$processingFilePath = $this->moveFile($this->_stagePath, $this->_processingPath, $filename);
			break;
		}

		if (pathinfo($processingFilePath, PATHINFO_EXTENSION) == 'gz') {
			$fileMgr = new FileManager();
			$errorMsg = null;
			if ($processingFilePath = $fileMgr->decompressFile($processingFilePath, $errorMsg)) {
				$filename = pathinfo($processingFilePath, PATHINFO_BASENAME);
			} else {
				$this->moveFile($this->_processingPath, $this->_stagePath, $filename);
				$this->addExecutionLogEntry($errorMsg, SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR);
				return false;
			}
		}

		if ($processingFilePath) {
			$this->_claimedFilename = $filename;
			return $processingFilePath;
		} else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	/**
	 * Reject the current claimed file.
	 */
	private function _rejectFile() {
		$this->moveFile($this->_processingPath, $this->_rejectPath, $this->_claimedFilename);
	}

	/**
	 * Archive the current claimed file.
	 */
	private function _archiveFile() {
		$this->moveFile($this->_processingPath, $this->_archivePath, $this->_claimedFilename);
		$filePath = $this->_archivePath . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . $this->_claimedFilename;
		$returner = true;
		if ($this->getCompressArchives()) {
			$fileMgr = new FileManager();
			$errorMsg = null;
			if (!$returner = $fileMgr->compressFile($filePath, $errorMsg)) {
				$this->addExecutionLogEntry($errorMsg, SCHEDULED_TASK_MESSAGE_TYPE_ERROR);
			}
		}
		return $returner;
	}

	/**
	 * Stage the current claimed file.
	 */
	private function _stageFile() {
		$this->moveFile($this->_processingPath, $this->_stagePath, $this->_claimedFilename);
	}

	/**
	 * Send the passed message to the administrator by email.
	 * @param $message string
	 */
	private function _notify($message, $messageType) {
		// Instantiate the email to the admin.
		import('lib.pkp.classes.mail.Mail');
		$mail = new Mail();

		// Recipient
		$mail->addRecipient($this->_adminEmail, $this->_adminName);

		// The message
		$mail->setSubject(__('admin.fileLoader.emailSubject', array('processId' => $this->getProcessId())) .
			' - ' . __($messageType));
		$mail->setBody($message);

		$mail->send();
	}
}

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