Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/session/SessionDAO.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class SessionDAO
* @ingroup session
* @see Session
*
* @brief Operations for retrieving and modifying Session objects.
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.session.Session');
class SessionDAO extends DAO {
/**
* Instantiate and return a new data object.
*/
function newDataObject() {
return new Session();
}
/**
* Retrieve a session by ID.
* @param $sessionId string
* @return Session
*/
function &getSession($sessionId) {
$result = $this->retrieve(
'SELECT * FROM sessions WHERE session_id = ?',
array($sessionId)
);
$session = null;
if ($result->RecordCount() != 0) {
$row = $result->GetRowAssoc(false);
$session = $this->newDataObject();
$session->setId($row['session_id']);
$session->setUserId($row['user_id']);
$session->setIpAddress($row['ip_address']);
$session->setUserAgent($row['user_agent']);
$session->setSecondsCreated($row['created']);
$session->setSecondsLastUsed($row['last_used']);
$session->setRemember($row['remember']);
$session->setSessionData($row['data']);
$session->setDomain($row['domain']);
}
$result->Close();
return $session;
}
/**
* Insert a new session.
* @param $session Session
*/
function insertObject($session) {
$this->update(
'INSERT INTO sessions
(session_id, ip_address, user_agent, created, last_used, remember, data, domain)
VALUES
(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)',
array(
$session->getId(),
$session->getIpAddress(),
substr($session->getUserAgent(), 0, 255),
(int) $session->getSecondsCreated(),
(int) $session->getSecondsLastUsed(),
$session->getRemember() ? 1 : 0,
$session->getSessionData(),
$session->getDomain()
)
);
}
/**
* Update an existing session.
* @param $session Session
*/
function updateObject(&$session) {
return $this->update(
'UPDATE sessions
SET
user_id = ?,
ip_address = ?,
user_agent = ?,
created = ?,
last_used = ?,
remember = ?,
data = ?,
domain = ?
WHERE session_id = ?',
array(
$session->getUserId()==''?null:(int) $session->getUserId(),
$session->getIpAddress(),
substr($session->getUserAgent(), 0, 255),
(int) $session->getSecondsCreated(),
(int) $session->getSecondsLastUsed(),
$session->getRemember() ? 1 : 0,
$session->getSessionData(),
$session->getDomain(),
$session->getId()
)
);
}
/**
* Delete a session.
* @param $session Session
*/
function deleteObject(&$session) {
return $this->deleteById($session->getId());
}
/**
* Delete a session by ID.
* @param $sessionId string
*/
function deleteById($sessionId) {
return $this->update(
'DELETE FROM sessions WHERE session_id = ?',
array($sessionId)
);
}
/**
* Delete sessions by user ID.
* @param $userId string
*/
function deleteByUserId($userId) {
return $this->update(
'DELETE FROM sessions WHERE user_id = ?',
array((int) $userId)
);
}
/**
* Delete all sessions older than the specified time.
* @param $lastUsed int cut-off time in seconds for not-remembered sessions
* @param $lastUsedRemember int optional, cut-off time in seconds for remembered sessions
*/
function deleteByLastUsed($lastUsed, $lastUsedRemember = 0) {
if ($lastUsedRemember == 0) {
return $this->update(
'DELETE FROM sessions WHERE (last_used < ? AND remember = 0)',
array((int) $lastUsed)
);
} else {
return $this->update(
'DELETE FROM sessions WHERE (last_used < ? AND remember = 0) OR (last_used < ? AND remember = 1)',
array((int) $lastUsed, (int) $lastUsedRemember)
);
}
}
/**
* Delete all sessions.
*/
function deleteAllSessions() {
return $this->update('DELETE FROM sessions');
}
/**
* Check if a session exists with the specified ID.
* @param $sessionId string
* @return boolean
*/
function sessionExistsById($sessionId) {
$result = $this->retrieve(
'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM sessions WHERE session_id = ?',
array($sessionId)
);
$returner = isset($result->fields[0]) && $result->fields[0] == 1 ? true : false;
$result->Close();
return $returner;
}
}
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