Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /home/bilfatvps/html/journal.stitaf.ac.id/lib/pkp/classes/reviewForm/ReviewFormResponseDAO.inc.php
<?php

/**
 * @file classes/reviewForm/ReviewFormResponseDAO.inc.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class ReviewFormResponseDAO
 * @ingroup reviewForm
 * @see ReviewFormResponse
 *
 * @brief Operations for retrieving and modifying ReviewFormResponse objects.
 *
 */

import ('lib.pkp.classes.reviewForm.ReviewFormResponse');

class ReviewFormResponseDAO extends DAO {

	/**
	 * Retrieve a review form response.
	 * @param $reviewId int
	 * @param $reviewFormElementId int
	 * @return ReviewFormResponse
	 */
	function &getReviewFormResponse($reviewId, $reviewFormElementId) {
		$sql = 'SELECT * FROM review_form_responses WHERE review_id = ? AND review_form_element_id = ?';
		$params = array($reviewId, $reviewFormElementId);
		$result = $this->retrieve($sql, $params);

		$returner = null;
		if ($result->RecordCount() != 0) {
			$returner =& $this->_returnReviewFormResponseFromRow($result->GetRowAssoc(false));
		}

		$result->Close();
		return $returner;
	}

	/**
	 * Construct a new data object corresponding to this DAO.
	 * @return ReviewFormResponse
	 */
	function newDataObject() {
		return new ReviewFormResponse();
	}

	/**
	 * Internal function to return a ReviewFormResponse object from a row.
	 * @param $row array
	 * @return ReviewFormResponse
	 */
	function &_returnReviewFormResponseFromRow($row) {
		$responseValue = $this->convertFromDB($row['response_value'], $row['response_type']);
		$reviewFormResponse = $this->newDataObject();

		$reviewFormResponse->setReviewId($row['review_id']);
		$reviewFormResponse->setReviewFormElementId($row['review_form_element_id']);
		$reviewFormResponse->setValue($responseValue);
		$reviewFormResponse->setResponseType($row['response_type']);

		HookRegistry::call('ReviewFormResponseDAO::_returnReviewFormResponseFromRow', array(&$reviewFormResponse, &$row));

		return $reviewFormResponse;
	}

	/**
	 * Insert a new review form response.
	 * @param $reviewFormResponse ReviewFormResponse
	 */
	function insertObject(&$reviewFormResponse) {
		$responseValue = $this->convertToDB($reviewFormResponse->getValue(), $reviewFormResponse->getResponseType());
		$this->update(
			'INSERT INTO review_form_responses
				(review_form_element_id, review_id, response_type, response_value)
				VALUES
				(?, ?, ?, ?)',
			array(
				$reviewFormResponse->getReviewFormElementId(),
				$reviewFormResponse->getReviewId(),
				$reviewFormResponse->getResponseType(),
				$responseValue
			)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Update an existing review form response.
	 * @param $reviewFormResponse ReviewFormResponse
	 */
	function updateObject(&$reviewFormResponse) {
		$responseValue = $this->convertToDB($reviewFormResponse->getValue(), $reviewFormResponse->getResponseType());
		$returner = $this->update(
			'UPDATE review_form_responses
				SET
					response_type = ?,
					response_value = ?
				WHERE review_form_element_id = ? AND review_id = ?',
			array(
				$reviewFormResponse->getResponseType(),
				$responseValue,
				$reviewFormResponse->getReviewFormElementId(),
				$reviewFormResponse->getReviewId()
			)
		);

		return $returner;
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a review form response.
	 * @param $reviewFormResponse ReviewFormResponse
	 */
	function deleteObject(&$reviewFormResponse) {
		return $this->deleteById($reviewFormResponse->getReviewId(), $reviewFormResponse->getReviewFormElementId());
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a review form response by ID.
	 * @param $reviewId int
	 * @param $reviewFormElementId int
	 */
	function deleteById($reviewId, $reviewFormElementId) {
		return $this->update(
			'DELETE FROM review_form_responses WHERE review_id = ? AND review_form_element_id = ?',
			array($reviewId, $reviewFormElementId)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Delete review form responses by review ID
	 * @param $reviewId int
	 */
	function deleteByReviewId($reviewId) {
		return $this->update(
			'DELETE FROM review_form_responses WHERE review_id = ?',
			$reviewId
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Delete group membership by user ID
	 * @param $reviewFormElementId int
	 */
	function deleteByReviewFormElementId($reviewFormElementId) {
		return $this->update(
			'DELETE FROM review_form_responses WHERE review_form_element_id = ?',
			$reviewFormElementId
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Retrieve all review form responses for a review in an associative array.
	 * @param $reviewId int
	 * @return array review_form_element_id => array(review form response for this element)
	 */
	function &getReviewReviewFormResponseValues($reviewId) {
		$returner = array();

		$result = $this->retrieveRange(
			'SELECT * FROM review_form_responses WHERE review_id = ?',
			(int) $reviewId
		);

		while (!$result->EOF) {
			$row = $result->GetRowAssoc(false);
			$reviewFormResponse =& $this->_returnReviewFormResponseFromRow($row);
			$returner[$reviewFormResponse->getReviewFormElementId()] = $reviewFormResponse->getValue();
			$result->MoveNext();
		}

		$result->Close();
		return $returner;
	}

	/**
	 * Check if a review form response for the review.
	 * @param $reviewId int
	 * @param $reviewFormElementId int optional
	 * @return boolean
	 */
	function reviewFormResponseExists($reviewId, $reviewFormElementId = null) {
		$sql = 'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM review_form_responses WHERE review_id = ?';
		$params = array($reviewId);
		if ($reviewFormElementId !== null) {
			$sql .= ' AND review_form_element_id = ?';
			$params[] = $reviewFormElementId;
		}
		$result = $this->retrieve($sql, $params);

		$returner = isset($result->fields[0]) && $result->fields[0] > 0 ? true : false;

		$result->Close();
		return $returner;
	}
}

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