Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/reviewForm/ReviewFormDAO.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class ReviewFormDAO
* @ingroup reviewForm
* @see ReviewerForm
*
* @brief Operations for retrieving and modifying ReviewForm objects.
*
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.reviewForm.ReviewForm');
class ReviewFormDAO extends DAO {
/**
* Retrieve a review form by ID.
* @param $reviewFormId int
* @param $assocType int optional
* @param $assocId int optional
* @return ReviewForm
*/
function getById($reviewFormId, $assocType = null, $assocId = null) {
$params = array((int) $reviewFormId);
if ($assocType) {
$params[] = (int) $assocType;
$params[] = (int) $assocId;
}
$result = $this->retrieve (
'SELECT rf.*,
SUM(CASE WHEN ra.date_completed IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS complete_count,
SUM(CASE WHEN ra.review_id IS NOT NULL AND ra.date_completed IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS incomplete_count
FROM review_forms rf
LEFT JOIN review_assignments ra ON (ra.review_form_id = rf.review_form_id AND ra.declined<>1)
WHERE rf.review_form_id = ? AND rf.assoc_type = ? AND rf.assoc_id = ?
GROUP BY rf.review_form_id',
$params
);
$returner = null;
if ($result->RecordCount() != 0) {
$returner = $this->_fromRow($result->GetRowAssoc(false));
}
$result->Close();
return $returner;
}
/**
* Construct a new data object corresponding to this DAO.
* @return ReviewForm
*/
function newDataObject() {
return new ReviewForm();
}
/**
* Internal function to return a ReviewForm object from a row.
* @param $row array
* @return ReviewForm
*/
function _fromRow($row) {
$reviewForm = $this->newDataObject();
$reviewForm->setId($row['review_form_id']);
$reviewForm->setAssocType($row['assoc_type']);
$reviewForm->setAssocId($row['assoc_id']);
$reviewForm->setSequence($row['seq']);
$reviewForm->setActive($row['is_active']);
$reviewForm->setCompleteCount($row['complete_count']);
$reviewForm->setIncompleteCount($row['incomplete_count']);
$this->getDataObjectSettings('review_form_settings', 'review_form_id', $row['review_form_id'], $reviewForm);
HookRegistry::call('ReviewFormDAO::_fromRow', array(&$reviewForm, &$row));
return $reviewForm;
}
/**
* Check if a review form exists with the specified ID.
* @param $reviewFormId int
* @param $assocType int
* @param $assocId int
* @return boolean
*/
function reviewFormExists($reviewFormId, $assocType, $assocId) {
$result = $this->retrieve(
'SELECT COUNT(*) FROM review_forms WHERE review_form_id = ? AND assoc_type = ? AND assoc_id = ?',
array((int) $reviewFormId, (int) $assocType, (int) $assocId)
);
$returner = isset($result->fields[0]) && $result->fields[0] == 1 ? true : false;
$result->Close();
return $returner;
}
/**
* Get the list of fields for which data can be localized.
* @return array
*/
function getLocaleFieldNames() {
return array('title', 'description');
}
/**
* Update the localized fields for this table
* @param $reviewForm object
*/
function updateLocaleFields(&$reviewForm) {
$this->updateDataObjectSettings('review_form_settings', $reviewForm, array(
'review_form_id' => $reviewForm->getId()
));
}
/**
* Insert a new review form.
* @param $reviewForm ReviewForm
*/
function insertObject($reviewForm) {
$this->update(
'INSERT INTO review_forms
(assoc_type, assoc_id, seq, is_active)
VALUES
(?, ?, ?, ?)',
array(
(int) $reviewForm->getAssocType(),
(int) $reviewForm->getAssocId(),
$reviewForm->getSequence() == null ? 0 : (float) $reviewForm->getSequence(),
$reviewForm->getActive()?1:0
)
);
$reviewForm->setId($this->getInsertId());
$this->updateLocaleFields($reviewForm);
return $reviewForm->getId();
}
/**
* Update an existing review form.
* @param $reviewForm ReviewForm
*/
function updateObject($reviewForm) {
$returner = $this->update(
'UPDATE review_forms
SET
assoc_type = ?,
assoc_id = ?,
seq = ?,
is_active = ?
WHERE review_form_id = ?',
array(
(int) $reviewForm->getAssocType(),
(int) $reviewForm->getAssocId(),
(float) $reviewForm->getSequence(),
$reviewForm->getActive()?1:0,
(int) $reviewForm->getId()
)
);
$this->updateLocaleFields($reviewForm);
return $returner;
}
/**
* Delete a review form.
* @param $reviewForm ReviewForm
*/
function deleteObject($reviewForm) {
return $this->deleteById($reviewForm->getId());
}
/**
* Delete a review form by Id.
* @param $reviewFormId int
*/
function deleteById($reviewFormId) {
$reviewFormElementDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('ReviewFormElementDAO');
$reviewFormElementDao->deleteByReviewFormId($reviewFormId);
$this->update('DELETE FROM review_form_settings WHERE review_form_id = ?', (int) $reviewFormId);
$this->update('DELETE FROM review_forms WHERE review_form_id = ?', (int) $reviewFormId);
}
/**
* Delete all review forms by assoc Id.
* @param $assocType int
* @param $assocId int
*/
function deleteByAssoc($assocType, $assocId) {
$reviewForms = $this->getByAssocId($assocType, $assocId);
while ($reviewForm = $reviewForms->next()) {
$this->deleteById($reviewForm->getId());
}
}
/**
* Get all review forms by assoc id.
* @param $assocType int
* @param $assocId int
* @param $rangeInfo RangeInfo (optional)
* @return DAOResultFactory containing matching ReviewForms
*/
function getByAssocId($assocType, $assocId, $rangeInfo = null) {
$result = $this->retrieveRange(
'SELECT rf.*,
SUM(CASE WHEN ra.date_completed IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS complete_count,
SUM(CASE WHEN ra.review_id IS NOT NULL AND ra.date_completed IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS incomplete_count
FROM review_forms rf
LEFT JOIN review_assignments ra ON (ra.review_form_id = rf.review_form_id AND ra.declined<>1)
WHERE rf.assoc_type = ? AND rf.assoc_id = ?
GROUP BY rf.review_form_id
ORDER BY rf.seq',
array((int) $assocType, (int) $assocId), $rangeInfo
);
return new DAOResultFactory($result, $this, '_fromRow');
}
/**
* Get active review forms for an associated object.
* @param $assocType int
* @param $assocId int
* @param $rangeInfo object RangeInfo object (optional)
* @return DAOResultFactory containing matching ReviewForms
*/
function getActiveByAssocId($assocType, $assocId, $rangeInfo = null) {
$result = $this->retrieveRange(
'SELECT rf.*,
SUM(CASE WHEN ra.date_completed IS NOT NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS complete_count,
SUM(CASE WHEN ra.review_id IS NOT NULL AND ra.date_completed IS NULL THEN 1 ELSE 0 END) AS incomplete_count
FROM review_forms rf
LEFT JOIN review_assignments ra ON (ra.review_form_id = rf.review_form_id AND ra.declined<>1)
WHERE rf.assoc_type = ? AND rf.assoc_id = ? AND rf.is_active = 1
GROUP BY rf.review_form_id
ORDER BY rf.seq',
array((int) $assocType, (int) $assocId), $rangeInfo
);
return new DAOResultFactory($result, $this, '_fromRow');
}
/**
* Check if a review form exists with the specified ID.
* @param $reviewFormId int
* @param $assocType int optional
* @param $assocId int optional
* @return boolean
*/
function unusedReviewFormExists($reviewFormId, $assocType = null, $assocId = null) {
$reviewForm = $this->getById($reviewFormId, $assocType, $assocId);
if (!$reviewForm) return false;
if ($reviewForm->getCompleteCount()!=0 || $reviewForm->getIncompleteCount()!=0) return false;
return true;
}
/**
* Sequentially renumber review form in their sequence order.
* @param $assocType int
* @param $assocId int
*/
function resequenceReviewForms($assocType, $assocId) {
$result = $this->retrieve(
'SELECT review_form_id FROM review_forms WHERE assoc_type = ? AND assoc_id = ? ORDER BY seq',
array((int) $assocType, (int) $assocId)
);
for ($i=1; !$result->EOF; $i++) {
list($reviewFormId) = $result->fields;
$this->update(
'UPDATE review_forms SET seq = ? WHERE review_form_id = ?',
array(
$i,
$reviewFormId
)
);
$result->MoveNext();
}
$result->Close();
}
/**
* Get the ID of the last inserted review form.
* @return int
*/
function getInsertId() {
return $this->_getInsertId('review_forms', 'review_form_id');
}
}
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