Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /home/bilfatvps/html/journal.stitaf.ac.id/lib/pkp/classes/file/TemporaryFileDAO.inc.php
<?php

/**
 * @file classes/file/TemporaryFileDAO.inc.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class TemporaryFileDAO
 * @ingroup file
 * @see TemporaryFile
 *
 * @brief Operations for retrieving and modifying TemporaryFile objects.
 */


import('lib.pkp.classes.file.TemporaryFile');

class TemporaryFileDAO extends DAO {

	/**
	 * Retrieve a temporary file by ID.
	 * @param $fileId int
	 * @param $userId int
	 * @return TemporaryFile
	 */
	function getTemporaryFile($fileId, $userId) {
		$result = $this->retrieveLimit(
			'SELECT t.* FROM temporary_files t WHERE t.file_id = ? and t.user_id = ?',
			array((int) $fileId, (int) $userId),
			1
		);

		$returner = null;
		if (isset($result) && $result->RecordCount() != 0) {
			$returner = $this->_returnTemporaryFileFromRow($result->GetRowAssoc(false));
		}

		$result->Close();
		return $returner;
	}

	/**
	 * Instantiate and return a new data object.
	 * @return TemporaryFile
	 */
	function newDataObject() {
		return new TemporaryFile();
	}

	/**
	 * Internal function to return a TemporaryFile object from a row.
	 * @param $row array
	 * @return TemporaryFile
	 */
	function _returnTemporaryFileFromRow($row) {
		$temporaryFile = $this->newDataObject();
		$temporaryFile->setId($row['file_id']);
		$temporaryFile->setServerFileName($row['file_name']);
		$temporaryFile->setFileType($row['file_type']);
		$temporaryFile->setFileSize($row['file_size']);
		$temporaryFile->setUserId($row['user_id']);
		$temporaryFile->setOriginalFileName($row['original_file_name']);
		$temporaryFile->setDateUploaded($this->datetimeFromDB($row['date_uploaded']));

		HookRegistry::call('TemporaryFileDAO::_returnTemporaryFileFromRow', array(&$temporaryFile, &$row));

		return $temporaryFile;
	}

	/**
	 * Insert a new TemporaryFile.
	 * @param $temporaryFile TemporaryFile
	 * @return int
	 */
	function insertObject($temporaryFile) {
		$this->update(
			sprintf('INSERT INTO temporary_files
				(user_id, file_name, file_type, file_size, original_file_name, date_uploaded)
				VALUES
				(?, ?, ?, ?, ?, %s)',
				$this->datetimeToDB($temporaryFile->getDateUploaded())),
			array(
				(int) $temporaryFile->getUserId(),
				$temporaryFile->getServerFileName(),
				$temporaryFile->getFileType(),
				(int) $temporaryFile->getFileSize(),
				$temporaryFile->getOriginalFileName()
			)
		);

		$temporaryFile->setId($this->getInsertId());
		return $temporaryFile->getId();
	}

	/**
	 * Update an existing temporary file.
	 * @param $temporary TemporaryFile
	 */
	function updateObject($temporaryFile) {
		$this->update(
			sprintf('UPDATE temporary_files
				SET
					file_name = ?,
					file_type = ?,
					file_size = ?,
					user_id = ?,
					original_file_name = ?,
					date_uploaded = %s
				WHERE file_id = ?',
				$this->datetimeToDB($temporaryFile->getDateUploaded())),
			array(
				$temporaryFile->getServerFileName(),
				$temporaryFile->getFileType(),
				(int) $temporaryFile->getFileSize(),
				(int) $temporaryFile->getUserId(),
				$temporaryFile->getOriginalFileName(),
				(int) $temporaryFile->getId()
			)
		);

		return $temporaryFile->getId();
	}

	/**
	 * Delete a temporary file by ID.
	 * @param $fileId int
	 * @param $userId int
	 */
	function deleteTemporaryFileById($fileId, $userId) {
		return $this->update(
			'DELETE FROM temporary_files WHERE file_id = ? AND user_id = ?',
			array((int) $fileId, (int) $userId)
		);
	}

	/**
	 * Delete temporary files by user ID.
	 * @param $userId int
	 */
	function deleteByUserId($userId) {
		return $this->update(
			'DELETE FROM temporary_files WHERE user_id = ?',
			(int) $userId
		);
	}

	function &getExpiredFiles() {
		// Files older than one day can be cleaned up.
		$expiryThresholdTimestamp = time() - (60 * 60 * 24);

		$temporaryFiles = array();

		$result = $this->retrieve(
			'SELECT * FROM temporary_files WHERE date_uploaded < ' . $this->datetimeToDB($expiryThresholdTimestamp)
		);

		while (!$result->EOF) {
			$temporaryFiles[] = $this->_returnTemporaryFileFromRow($result->GetRowAssoc(false));
			$result->MoveNext();
		}

		$result->Close();
		return $temporaryFiles;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the ID of the last inserted temporary file.
	 * @return int
	 */
	function getInsertId() {
		return $this->_getInsertId('temporary_files', 'file_id');
	}
}

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