Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/currency/CurrencyDAO.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class CurrencyDAO
* @ingroup currency
* @see Currency
*
* @brief Operations for retrieving and modifying Currency objects.
*
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.currency.Currency');
class CurrencyDAO extends DAO {
function _getCache() {
$locale = AppLocale::getLocale();
$cache =& Registry::get('currencyCache', true, null);
if ($cache === null) {
$cacheManager = CacheManager::getManager();
$cache = $cacheManager->getFileCache(
'currencies', $locale,
array($this, '_cacheMiss')
);
$cacheTime = $cache->getCacheTime();
if ($cacheTime !== null && $cacheTime < filemtime($this->getCurrencyFilename($locale))) {
$cache->flush();
}
}
return $cache;
}
function _cacheMiss($cache, $id) {
$allCurrencies =& Registry::get('allCurrencies', true, null);
if ($allCurrencies === null) {
// Add a locale load to the debug notes.
$notes =& Registry::get('system.debug.notes');
$filename = $this->getCurrencyFilename(AppLocale::getLocale());
$notes[] = array('debug.notes.currencyListLoad', array('filename' => $filename));
// Reload locale registry file
$xmlDao = new XMLDAO();
$data = $xmlDao->parseStruct($filename, array('currency'));
// Build array with ($charKey => array(stuff))
if (isset($data['currency'])) {
foreach ($data['currency'] as $currencyData) {
$allCurrencies[$currencyData['attributes']['code_alpha']] = array(
$currencyData['attributes']['name'],
$currencyData['attributes']['code_numeric']
);
}
}
asort($allCurrencies);
$cache->setEntireCache($allCurrencies);
}
return null;
}
/**
* Get the filename of the currency database
* @param $locale string
* @return string
*/
function getCurrencyFilename($locale) {
return "lib/pkp/locale/$locale/currencies.xml";
}
/**
* Retrieve a currency by alpha currency ID.
* @param $currencyId int
* @return Currency
*/
function getCurrencyByAlphaCode($codeAlpha) {
$cache = $this->_getCache();
return $this->_returnCurrencyFromRow($codeAlpha, $cache->get($codeAlpha));
}
/**
* Retrieve an array of all currencies.
* @return array of Currencies
*/
function getCurrencies() {
$cache = $this->_getCache();
$returner = array();
foreach ($cache->getContents() as $codeAlpha => $entry) {
$returner[] = $this->_returnCurrencyFromRow($codeAlpha, $entry);
}
return $returner;
}
/**
* Instantiate and return a new data object.
* @return Currency
*/
function newDataObject() {
return new Currency();
}
/**
* Internal function to return a Currency object from a row.
* @param $row array
* @return Currency
*/
function &_returnCurrencyFromRow($codeAlpha, &$entry) {
$currency = $this->newDataObject();
$currency->setCodeAlpha($codeAlpha);
$currency->setName($entry[0]);
$currency->setCodeNumeric($entry[1]);
HookRegistry::call('CurrencyDAO::_returnCurrencyFromRow', array(&$currency, &$codeAlpha, &$entry));
return $currency;
}
}
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