Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/core/VirtualArrayIterator.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class VirtualArrayIterator
* @ingroup db
*
* @brief Provides paging and iteration for "virtual" arrays -- arrays for which only
* the current "page" is available, but are much bigger in entirety.
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.core.ItemIterator');
class VirtualArrayIterator extends ItemIterator {
/** @var array The array of contents of this iterator. */
var $theArray;
/** @var int Number of items to iterate through on this page */
var $itemsPerPage;
/** @var int The current page. */
var $page;
/** @var int The total number of items. */
var $count;
/** @var boolean Whether or not the iterator was empty from the start */
var $wasEmpty;
/**
* Constructor.
* @param $theArray array The array of items to iterate through
* @param $totalItems int The total number of items in the virtual "larger" array
* @param $page int the current page number
* @param $itemsPerPage int Number of items to display per page
*/
function __construct(&$theArray, $totalItems, $page=-1, $itemsPerPage=-1) {
parent::__construct();
if ($page>=1 && $itemsPerPage>=1) {
$this->page = $page;
} else {
$this->page = 1;
$this->itemsPerPage = max(count($this->theArray),1);
}
$this->theArray =& $theArray;
$this->count = $totalItems;
$this->itemsPerPage = $itemsPerPage;
$this->wasEmpty = count($this->theArray)==0;
reset($this->theArray);
}
/**
* Factory Method.
* Extracts the appropriate page items from the whole array and
* calls the constructor.
* @param $wholeArray array The whole array of items
* @param $rangeInfo int The number of items per page
* @return object VirtualArrayIterator
*/
static function factory($wholeArray, $rangeInfo) {
if ($rangeInfo->isValid()) $slicedArray = array_slice($wholeArray, $rangeInfo->getCount() * ($rangeInfo->getPage()-1), $rangeInfo->getCount(), true);
return new VirtualArrayIterator($slicedArray, count($wholeArray), $rangeInfo->getPage(), $rangeInfo->getCount());
}
/**
* Return the next item in the iterator.
* @return object
*/
function &next() {
if (!is_array($this->theArray)) {
$nullVar = null;
return $nullVar;
}
$value = current($this->theArray);
if (next($this->theArray)==null) {
$this->theArray = null;
}
return $value;
}
/**
* Return the next item in the iterator, with key.
* @return array (key, value)
*/
function nextWithKey() {
$key = key($this->theArray);
$value = $this->next();
return array($key, $value);
}
/**
* Check whether or not this iterator is for the first page of a sequence
* @return boolean
*/
function atFirstPage() {
return $this->page==1;
}
/**
* Check whether or not this iterator is for the last page of a sequence
* @return boolean
*/
function atLastPage() {
return ($this->page * $this->itemsPerPage) + 1 > $this->count;
}
/**
* Get the page number that this iterator represents
* @return int
*/
function getPage() {
return $this->page;
}
/**
* Get the total number of items in the virtual array
* @return int
*/
function getCount() {
return $this->count;
}
/**
* Get the total number of pages in the virtual array
* @return int
*/
function getPageCount() {
return max(1, ceil($this->count / $this->itemsPerPage));
}
/**
* Return a boolean indicating whether or not we've reached the end of results
* Note: This implementation requires that next() be called before every eof() will
* function properly (except the first call).
* @return boolean
*/
function eof() {
return (($this->theArray == null) || (count($this->theArray)==0));
}
/**
* Return a boolean indicating whether or not this iterator was empty from the beginning
* @return boolean
*/
function wasEmpty() {
return $this->wasEmpty;
}
/**
* Convert the iterator into an array
* @return array
*/
function &toArray() {
return $this->theArray;
}
/**
* A version of array_slice that takes keys into account.
* Thanks to pies at sputnik dot pl.
* This is made redundant by PHP 5.0.2's updated
* array_slice, but we can't assume everyone has that.
* FIXME: Reconcile this against the dupe in ArrayItemIterator.
* @see http://ca3.php.net/manual/en/function.array-slice.php
* @param $array Array
* @param $offset int
* @param $len int
*/
function array_slice_key($array, $offset, $len=-1) {
if (!is_array($array)) return false;
$return = array();
$length = $len >= 0? $len: count($array);
$keys = array_slice(array_keys($array), $offset, $length);
foreach($keys as $key) {
$return[$key] = $array[$key];
}
return $return;
}
}
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