Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @file classes/core/JSONMessage.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class JSONMessage
* @ingroup core
*
* @brief Class to represent a JSON (Javascript Object Notation) message.
*
*/
class JSONMessage {
/** @var string The status of an event (e.g. false if form validation fails). */
var $_status;
/** @var Mixed The message to be delivered back to the calling script. */
var $_content;
/** @var string ID for DOM element that will be replaced. */
var $_elementId;
/** @var array List of JS events generated on the server side. */
var $_events;
/** @var array Set of additional attributes for special cases. */
var $_additionalAttributes;
/**
* Constructor.
* @param $status boolean The status of an event (e.g. false if form validation fails).
* @param $content Mixed The message to be delivered back to the calling script.
* @param $elementId string The DOM element to be replaced.
* @param $additionalAttributes array Additional data to be returned.
*/
function __construct($status = true, $content = '', $elementId = '0', $additionalAttributes = null) {
// Set internal state.
$this->setStatus($status);
$this->setContent($content);
$this->setElementId($elementId);
if (isset($additionalAttributes)) {
$this->setAdditionalAttributes($additionalAttributes);
}
}
/**
* Get the status string
* @return string
*/
function getStatus () {
return $this->_status;
}
/**
* Set the status string
* @param $status string
*/
function setStatus($status) {
assert(is_bool($status));
$this->_status = $status;
}
/**
* Get the content string
* @return mixed
*/
function getContent() {
return $this->_content;
}
/**
* Set the content data
* @param $content mixed
*/
function setContent($content) {
$this->_content = $content;
}
/**
* Get the elementId string
* @return string
*/
function getElementId() {
return $this->_elementId;
}
/**
* Set the elementId string
* @param $elementId string
*/
function setElementId($elementId) {
assert(is_string($elementId) || is_numeric($elementId));
$this->_elementId = $elementId;
}
/**
* Set the event to trigger with this JSON message
* @param $eventName string
* @param $eventData mixed
*/
function setEvent($eventName, $eventData = null) {
assert(is_string($eventName));
// Construct the even as an associative array.
$event = array('name' => $eventName);
if(!is_null($eventData)) $event['data'] = $eventData;
$this->_events[] = $event;
}
/**
* Set a global event to trigger with this JSON message
*
* This is a wrapper for the setEvent method.
*
* Global events are triggered on the global event router instead of being
* triggered directly on the handler. They are intended for broadcasting
* updates from one handler to other handlers.
*
* @param $eventName string
* @param $eventData array Global event data must be an assoc array
*/
function setGlobalEvent($eventName, $eventData = array()) {
assert(is_array($eventData));
$eventData['isGlobalEvent'] = true;
$this->setEvent($eventName, $eventData);
}
/**
* Get the events to trigger with this JSON message
* @return array
*/
function getEvents() {
return $this->_events;
}
/**
* Get the additionalAttributes array
* @return array
*/
function getAdditionalAttributes() {
return $this->_additionalAttributes;
}
/**
* Set the additionalAttributes array
* @param $additionalAttributes array
*/
function setAdditionalAttributes($additionalAttributes) {
assert(is_array($additionalAttributes));
$this->_additionalAttributes = $additionalAttributes;
}
/**
* Construct a JSON string to use for AJAX communication
* @return string
*/
function getString() {
// Construct an associative array that contains all information we require.
$jsonObject = array(
'status' => $this->getStatus(),
'content' => $this->getContent(),
'elementId' => $this->getElementId(),
'events' => $this->getEvents(),
);
if(is_array($this->getAdditionalAttributes())) {
foreach($this->getAdditionalAttributes() as $key => $value) {
$jsonObject[$key] = $value;
}
}
// Encode the object.
$json = json_encode($jsonObject);
if ($json === false) {
error_log(json_last_error_msg());
}
return $json;
}
}
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