Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /home/bilfatvps/html/journal.stitaf.ac.id/lib/pkp/classes/core/APIRouter.inc.php
<?php

/**
 * @file classes/core/APIRouter.inc.php
 *
 * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
 * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
 *
 * @class APIRouter
 * @ingroup core
 *
 * @brief Map HTTP requests to a REST API using the Slim microframework.
 *
 * Requests for [index.php]/api are intercepted for site-level API requests,
 * and requests for [index.php]/{contextPath}/api are intercepted for
 * context-level API requests.
 */

import('lib.pkp.classes.core.PKPRouter');
import('classes.core.Request');
import('classes.handler.Handler');

class APIRouter extends PKPRouter {

	/**
	 * Determines path info parts depending of disable_path_info config value
	 * @return array|NULL
	 */
	protected function getPathInfoParts() {
		$pathInfoEnabled = Config::getVar('general', 'disable_path_info') ? false : true;
		if ($pathInfoEnabled && isset($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'])) {
			return explode('/', trim($_SERVER['PATH_INFO'], '/'));
		}

		$request = $this->getApplication()->getRequest();
		$queryString = $request->getQueryString();
		$queryArray = array();
		if (isset($queryString)) {
			parse_str($queryString, $queryArray);
		}

		if (in_array('endpoint', array_keys($queryArray)) && isset($queryArray['journal'])) {
			$endpoint = $queryArray['endpoint'];
			return explode('/', trim($endpoint, '/'));
		}

		return null;
	}

	/**
	 * Determines whether this router can route the given request.
	 * @param $request PKPRequest
	 * @return boolean true, if the router supports this request, otherwise false
	 */
	function supports($request) {
		$pathInfoParts = $this->getPathInfoParts();

		if (!is_null($pathInfoParts) && count($pathInfoParts)>=2 && $pathInfoParts[1] == 'api') {
			// Context-specific API requests: [index.php]/{contextPath}/api
			return true;
		}

		return false;
	}

	/**
	 * Get the API version
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getVersion() {
		$pathInfoParts = $this->getPathInfoParts();
		return Core::cleanFileVar(isset($pathInfoParts[2]) ? $pathInfoParts[2] : '');
	}

	/**
	 * Get the entity being requested
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getEntity() {
		$pathInfoParts = $this->getPathInfoParts();
		return Core::cleanFileVar(isset($pathInfoParts[3]) ? $pathInfoParts[3] : '');
	}

	//
	// Implement template methods from PKPRouter
	//
	/**
	 * @copydoc PKPRouter::route()
	 */
	function route($request) {
		// Ensure slim library is available
		require_once('lib/pkp/lib/vendor/autoload.php');

		$sourceFile = sprintf('api/%s/%s/index.php', $this->getVersion(), $this->getEntity());

		if (!file_exists($sourceFile)) {
			$dispatcher = $this->getDispatcher();
			$dispatcher->handle404();
		}

		if (!defined('SESSION_DISABLE_INIT')) {
			// Initialize session
			SessionManager::getManager();
		}

		$handler = require ('./'.$sourceFile);
		$this->setHandler($handler);
		$handler->getApp()->run();
	}

	/**
	 * Get the requested operation
	 *
	 * @param $request PKPRequest
	 * @return string
	 */
	function getRequestedOp($request) {
		$handler = $this->getHandler();
		$container = $handler->getApp()->getContainer();
		$router = $container->get('router');
		$request = $container->get('request');
		$routeInfo = $router->dispatch($request);
		if (isset($routeInfo[1])) {
			$route = $router->lookupRoute($routeInfo[1]);
			$callable = $route->getCallable();
			if (is_array($callable) && count($callable) == 2)
				return $callable[1];
		}
		return '';
	}

	/**
	 * @copydoc PKPRouter::handleAuthorizationFailure()
	 */
	function handleAuthorizationFailure($request, $authorizationMessage) {
		$dispatcher = $this->getDispatcher();
		$dispatcher->handle404();
	}

	/**
	 * @copydoc PKPRouter::url()
	 */
	function url($request, $newContext = null, $endpoint = null, $op = null, $path = null,
			$params = null, $anchor = null, $escape = false) {

		// APIHandlers do not understand $op, $path or $anchor. All routing is baked
		// into the $endpoint string. It only accepts a string as the $newContext,
		// since it relies on this when path info is disabled.
		assert(is_null($op) && is_null($path) && is_null($anchor) && is_scalar($newContext));

		//
		// Base URL and Context
		//
		$baseUrlAndContext = $this->_urlGetBaseAndContext($request, $this->_urlCanonicalizeNewContext($newContext));
		$baseUrl = array_shift($baseUrlAndContext);
		$context = $baseUrlAndContext;

		//
		// Additional query parameters
		//
		$additionalParameters = $this->_urlGetAdditionalParameters($request, $params, $escape);

		//
		// Assemble URL
		//
		if ($request->isPathInfoEnabled()) {
			// If path info is enabled, everything but params goes into the path
			$pathInfoArray = array_merge(
				$context,
				['api',	'v1', $endpoint]
			);
			$queryParametersArray = $additionalParameters;
		} else {
			// If path info is disabled, the context and endpoint must be passed as
			// query params, and the context must be concatenated into the endpoint
			$pathInfoArray = array();
			$queryParametersArray = array_merge(
				$context,
				[sprintf('endpoint=/%s/api/%s/%s', $newContext, 'v1', $endpoint)],
				$additionalParameters
			);
		}

		return $this->_urlFromParts($baseUrl, $pathInfoArray, $queryParametersArray, $anchor, $escape);
	}
}

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