Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php /** * @file classes/cliTool/ScheduledTaskTool.inc.php * * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University * Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky * Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING. * * @class ScheduledTaskTool * @ingroup tools * * @brief CLI tool to execute a set of scheduled tasks. */ /** Default XML tasks file to parse if none is specified */ define('TASKS_REGISTRY_FILE', 'registry/scheduledTasks.xml'); import('lib.pkp.classes.scheduledTask.ScheduledTask'); import('lib.pkp.classes.scheduledTask.ScheduledTaskHelper'); import('lib.pkp.classes.scheduledTask.ScheduledTaskDAO'); class ScheduledTaskTool extends CommandLineTool { /** @var string the XML file listing the tasks to be executed */ var $file; /** @var ScheduledTaskDAO the DAO object */ var $taskDao; /** * Constructor. * @param $argv array command-line arguments * If specified, the first parameter should be the path to * a tasks XML descriptor file (other than the default) */ function __construct($argv = array()) { parent::__construct($argv); if (isset($this->argv[0])) { $this->file = $this->argv[0]; } else { $this->file = TASKS_REGISTRY_FILE; } if (!file_exists($this->file) || !is_readable($this->file)) { printf("Tasks file \"%s\" does not exist or is not readable!\n", $this->file); exit(1); } $this->taskDao = DAORegistry::getDAO('ScheduledTaskDAO'); } /** * Print command usage information. */ function usage() { echo "Script to run a set of scheduled tasks\n" . "Usage: {$this->scriptName} [tasks_file]\n"; } /** * Parse and execute the scheduled tasks. */ function execute() { $this->parseTasks($this->file); } /** * Parse and execute the scheduled tasks in the specified file. * @param $file string */ function parseTasks($file) { $xmlParser = new XMLParser(); $tree = $xmlParser->parse($file); if (!$tree) { $xmlParser->destroy(); printf("Unable to parse file \"%s\"!\n", $file); exit(1); } foreach ($tree->getChildren() as $task) { $className = $task->getAttribute('class'); $frequency = $task->getChildByName('frequency'); if (isset($frequency)) { $canExecute = ScheduledTaskHelper::checkFrequency($className, $frequency); } else { // Always execute if no frequency is specified $canExecute = true; } if ($canExecute) { $this->executeTask($className, ScheduledTaskHelper::getTaskArgs($task)); } } $xmlParser->destroy(); } /** * Execute the specified task. * @param $className string the class name to execute * @param $args array the array of arguments to pass to the class constructors */ function executeTask($className, $args) { // Load and execute the task if (!is_object($task = instantiate($className, null, null, 'execute', $args))) { fatalError('Cannot instantiate task class.'); } $this->taskDao->updateLastRunTime($className); $task->execute(); } }
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