Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @defgroup tools Tools
* Implements command-line management tools for PKP software.
*/
/**
* @file classes/cliTool/CliTool.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class CommandLineTool
* @ingroup tools
*
* @brief Initialization code for command-line scripts.
*
* FIXME: Write a PKPCliRequest and PKPCliRouter class and use the dispatcher
* to bootstrap and route tool requests.
*/
/** Initialization code */
define('PWD', getcwd());
chdir(dirname(INDEX_FILE_LOCATION)); /* Change to base directory */
if (!defined('STDIN')) {
define('STDIN', fopen('php://stdin','r'));
}
define('SESSION_DISABLE_INIT', 1);
require('./lib/pkp/includes/bootstrap.inc.php');
if (!isset($argc)) {
// In PHP < 4.3.0 $argc/$argv are not automatically registered
if (isset($_SERVER['argc'])) {
$argc = $_SERVER['argc'];
$argv = $_SERVER['argv'];
} else {
$argc = $argv = null;
}
}
class CommandLineTool {
/** @var string the script being executed */
var $scriptName;
/** @vary array Command-line arguments */
var $argv;
function __construct($argv = array()) {
// Initialize the request object with a page router
$application = Application::getApplication();
$request = $application->getRequest();
// FIXME: Write and use a CLIRouter here (see classdoc)
import('classes.core.PageRouter');
$router = new PageRouter();
$router->setApplication($application);
$request->setRouter($router);
// Initialize the locale and load generic plugins.
AppLocale::initialize($request);
PluginRegistry::loadCategory('generic');
$this->argv = isset($argv) && is_array($argv) ? $argv : array();
if (isset($_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'])) {
die('This script can only be executed from the command-line');
}
$this->scriptName = isset($this->argv[0]) ? array_shift($this->argv) : '';
if (isset($this->argv[0]) && $this->argv[0] == '-h') {
$this->usage();
exit(0);
}
}
function usage() {
}
}
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