Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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<?php
/**
* @defgroup cache Cache
* Implements various forms of caching, i.e. object caches, file caches, etc.
*/
/**
* @file classes/cache/FileCache.inc.php
*
* Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
* Copyright (c) 2000-2019 John Willinsky
* Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
*
* @class FileCache
* @ingroup cache
*
* @brief Provides caching based on machine-generated PHP code on the filesystem.
*/
import('lib.pkp.classes.cache.GenericCache');
class FileCache extends GenericCache {
/**
* Connection to use for caching.
*/
var $filename;
/**
* The cached data
*/
var $cache;
/**
* Instantiate a cache.
*/
function __construct($context, $cacheId, $fallback, $path) {
parent::__construct($context, $cacheId, $fallback);
$this->filename = $path . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . "fc-$context-" . str_replace('/', '.', $cacheId) . '.php';
// Load the cache data if it exists.
if (($fp = @fopen($this->filename, 'r')) !== false) {
flock($fp, LOCK_SH);
$this->cache = include($this->filename);
flock($fp, LOCK_UN);
} else {
$this->cache = null;
}
}
/**
* Flush the cache
*/
function flush() {
unset($this->cache);
$this->cache = null;
if (function_exists('opcache_invalidate')) opcache_invalidate($this->filename, true);
@unlink($this->filename);
}
/**
* Get an object from the cache.
* @param $id
*/
function getCache($id) {
if (!isset($this->cache)) return $this->cacheMiss;
return (isset($this->cache[$id])?$this->cache[$id]:null);
}
/**
* Set an object in the cache. This function should be overridden
* by subclasses.
* @param $id
* @param $value
*/
function setCache($id, $value) {
// Flush the cache; it will be regenerated on demand.
$this->flush();
}
/**
* Set the entire contents of the cache.
*/
function setEntireCache($contents) {
if (file_put_contents(
$this->filename,
'<?php return ' . var_export($contents, true) . '; ?>',
LOCK_EX
) !== false) {
$umask = Config::getVar('files', 'umask');
if ($umask) @chmod($this->filename, FILE_MODE_MASK & ~$umask);
}
$this->cache = $contents;
}
/**
* Get the time at which the data was cached.
* If the file does not exist or an error occurs, null is returned.
* @return int|null
*/
function getCacheTime() {
$result = @filemtime($this->filename);
if ($result === false) return null;
return ((int) $result);
}
/**
* Get the entire contents of the cache in an associative array.
*/
function &getContents() {
if (!isset($this->cache)) {
// Trigger a cache miss to load the cache.
$this->get(null);
}
return $this->cache;
}
}
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