Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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'manager.website.information' => 'Information',
'manager.website.appearance' => 'Appearance',
'manager.website.imageFileRequired' => 'An image file is required. Please ensure that you have chosen and uploaded a file.',
'manager.announcements' => 'Announcements',
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'manager.plugins.action' => 'Action:',
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Your {$contextObjectName} is configured to record more than one usage metric. Usage statistics will be displayed in several contexts.
There are cases where a single usage statistic must be used, e.g. to display an ordered list of most-used submissions or to rank
search results. Please select one of the configured metrics as a default.
',
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'plugins.categories.gateways' => 'Gateway Plugins',
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'plugins.categories.oaiMetadataFormats.description' => 'These format plugins express metadata in OAI communications.',
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'manager.plugins.deleteDescription' => 'By clicking delete, you will delete the plugin from the server\'s file system.',
'manager.plugins.deleteError' => 'Plugin "{$pluginName}" could not be deleted from the file system. This may be a permissions problem. Please make sure that the web server is able to write to the plugins directory (including subdirectories) but don\'t forget to secure it again later.',
'manager.plugins.deleteSuccess' => 'Plugin "{$pluginName}" successfuly deleted',
'manager.plugins.description' => 'This page allows the Manager to review and potentially configure the plugins that are currently installed. Plugins are divided into categories, according to their function. The categories are listed below, and within each category, its current set of plugins.',
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'manager.plugins.installed' => 'Installed Plugins',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery' => 'Plugin Gallery',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.overview' => 'Overview',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.installation' => 'Installation',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.latestCompatible' => 'Latest Compatible Release',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.certifications.official' => 'Official',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.certifications.official.description' => 'This plugin is developed and maintained by the Public Knowledge Project team.',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.certifications.reviewed' => 'Reviewed',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.certifications.reviewed.description' => 'This plugin has been reviewed and approved by the Public Knowledge Project team.',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.certifications.partner' => 'Partner',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.certifications.partner.description' => 'This plugin is provided by one of our development partners.',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.maintainer' => 'Maintainer',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.version' => 'v{$version} released on {$date}',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.homepage' => 'Homepage',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.summary' => 'Summary',
'manager.plugins.pluginGallery.status' => 'Status',
'manager.plugins.noInstalledVersion' => 'The plugin has not yet been installed.',
'manager.plugins.noCompatibleVersion' => 'There is currently no compatible version of this plugin available.',
'manager.plugins.installedVersionNewer' => 'Plugin already installed, and is newer than the version available in the gallery.',
'manager.plugins.installedVersionOlder' => 'Plugin already installed, but can be updated to a newer version.',
'manager.plugins.installedVersionNewest' => 'Plugin already installed and up-to-date.',
'manager.plugins.installedVersionNewer.short' => 'Newer than available version',
'manager.plugins.installedVersionOlder.short' => 'Can be upgraded',
'manager.plugins.installedVersionNewest.short' => 'Up to date',
'manager.plugins.noCompatibleVersion.short' => 'Not Available',
'manager.plugins.installFailed' => 'Installation failed. {$errorString}',
'manager.plugins.installSuccessful' => 'Successfully installed version {$versionNumber}',
'manager.plugins.invalidPluginArchive' => 'The uploaded plugin archive does not contain a folder that corresponds to the plugin name.',
'manager.plugins.wrongCategory' => 'The uploaded plugin does not fit the category of the upgraded plugin.',
'manager.plugins.wrongName' => 'The version.xml in the uploaded plugin contains a plugin name that does not fit the name of the upgraded plugin.',
'manager.plugins.pleaseInstall' => 'Plugin does not exist. Please Install instead',
'manager.plugins.pleaseUpgrade' => 'Plugin already exists, but is newer than installed version. Please upgrade instead',
'manager.plugins.settings' => 'Settings',
'manager.plugins.tarCommandNotFound' => 'The tar command is not available. Please correctly configure it in your "config.inc.php".',
'manager.plugins.upgrade' => 'Upgrade Plugin',
'manager.plugins.upgradeDescription' => 'This form allows you to upgrade a plugin. Please ensure the plugin is compressed as a .tar.gz file.',
'manager.plugins.upgradeFailed' => 'Upgrade failed. {$errorString}',
'manager.plugins.upgradeSuccessful' => 'Successfully upgraded to version {$versionString}',
'manager.plugins.uploadError' => 'Error uploading file',
'manager.plugins.uploadPluginDir' => 'Select plugin file',
'manager.plugins.versionFileInvalid' => 'version.xml in plugin directory contains invalid data.',
'manager.plugins.versionFileNotFound' => 'version.xml not found in plugin directory',
'notification.localeEnabled' => 'Locale enabled.',
'notification.localeDisabled' => 'Locale disabled.',
'notification.primaryLocaleDefined' => '{$locale} defined as primary locale.',
'notification.localeInstalled' => 'All selected locale(s) installed and activated.',
'notification.localeUninstalled' => '{$locale} locale uninstalled.',
'notification.localeReloaded' => '{$locale} locale reloaded.',
'notification.localeSettingsSaved' => 'Locale settings saved.',
'notification.editedUser' => 'User edited.',
'manager.distribution.indexing' => 'Indexing',
'manager.paymentMethod' => 'Payments',
'manager.paymentMethod.title' => 'Payment Methods',
'manager.paymentMethod.none' => 'No payment method selected',
'manager.paymentMethod.method' => 'Payment Method',
'manager.paymentMethod.currency' => 'Currency',
'manager.paymentMethod.currency.description' => 'Payments made directly through this website will be denominated in the selected currency.',
'settings.roles.roleOptions' => 'Role Options',
'settings.roles.showTitles' => 'Show role title in contributor list',
'settings.roles.permitSelfRegistration' => 'Allow user self-registration',
'settings.roles.recommendOnly' => 'This role is only allowed to recommend a review decision and will require an authorised editor to record a final decision.',
'settings.roles.roleName' => 'Role Name',
'settings.roles.roleAbbrev' => 'Abbreviation',
'settings.roles.assignedStages' => 'Assigned Stages',
'settings.roles.stages' => 'Stages',
'settings.roles.roleDetails' => 'Role details',
'settings.roles.from' => 'Permission level',
'settings.roles.removeText' => 'You are about to remove this role from this context. This operation will also delete related settings and all the users assignments to this role. Do you want to continue?',
'settings.roles.nameRequired' => 'You need to define a role name.',
'settings.roles.abbrevRequired' => 'You need to define a role abbreviature.',
'settings.roles.uniqueName' => 'You need to define an unique role name.',
'settings.roles.uniqueAbbrev' => 'You need to define an unique role abbreviature.',
'settings.roles.roleIdRequired' => 'You need to define a role permission level.',
'settings.roles.stageIdRequired' => 'You need to define a stage to assign to.',
'settings.libraryFiles.fileRequired' => 'A library file is required. Please ensure that you have chosen and uploaded a file.',
'settings.libraryFiles.nameRequired' => 'A name is required for this library file.',
'settings.libraryFiles.typeRequired' => 'A file type is required for this library file.',
'settings.libraryFiles.category.contracts' => 'Contracts',
'settings.libraryFiles.category.marketing' => 'Marketing',
'settings.libraryFiles.category.permissions' => 'Permissions',
'settings.libraryFiles.category.reports' => 'Reports',
'settings.libraryFiles.category.other' => 'Other',
'settings.libraryFiles.public.viewInstructions' => '<p>This library file can be accessible for download, if "Public Access" is enabled, at: <blockquote>{$downloadUrl}</blockquote></p>',
'settings.libraryFiles.public.selectLibraryFiles' => 'Select Library Files to attach',
'grid.action.addGenre' => 'Add a Component',
'grid.action.editGenre' => 'Edit this Component',
'grid.action.deleteGenre' => 'Delete this Component',
'grid.action.restoreGenres' => 'Restore the components to the default settings',
'manager.setup.genres.dependent' => 'Mark files of this type as dependent files (e.g. not to be listed with published content)',
'manager.setup.genres.supplementary' => 'Mark files of this type as supplementary files (e.g. not primary submission content)',
'manager.setup.genres.key' => 'Key',
'manager.setup.genres.key.description' => 'An optional short symbolic identifer for this genre.',
'manager.setup.genres.key.exists' => 'The key already exists.',
'manager.setup.genres.key.alphaNumeric' => 'The key can contain only alphanumeric characters, underscores, and hyphens, and must begin and end with an alphanumeric character.',
'manager.settings.wizard' => 'Settings Wizard',
'manager.users.roleRequired' => 'You need to select at least one role to be associated with this user.',
'manager.website' => 'Website',
'manager.website.title' => 'Website Settings',
'manager.workflow' => 'Workflow',
'manager.workflow.title' => 'Workflow Settings',
'manager.distribution' => 'Distribution',
'manager.distribution.title' => 'Distribution Settings',
'manager.reviewForms' => 'Review Forms',
'manager.reviewForms.confirmActivate' => 'Are you sure you wish to activate this review form? Once it\'s assigned to a review you will no longer be able to deactivate it.',
'manager.reviewForms.confirmDeactivate' => 'Are you sure you wish to deactivate this review form? It will no longer be available for new review assignments.',
'manager.reviewForms.confirmCopy' => 'Are you sure you wish to create a copy of this review form?',
'manager.reviewForms.completed' => 'Completed',
'manager.reviewForms.confirmDelete' => 'Are you sure you wish to delete this review form?',
'manager.reviewForms.create' => 'Create Review Form',
'manager.reviewForms.description' => 'Description and Instructions',
'manager.reviewForms.edit' => 'Review Form',
'manager.reviewForms.form.titleRequired' => 'A title is required for the review form.',
'manager.reviewForms.inReview' => 'In Review',
'manager.reviewForms.list.description' => 'The peer review forms created here will be presented to reviewers to complete, instead of the default form which consists of two open text boxes, the first "for author and editor," and the second "for editor." Review forms can be designated for a specific press section, and editors will have the option to choose which form to use in assigning the review. In all cases, editors will have the option of including the reviews in corresponding with the author.',
'manager.reviewForms.noneChosen' => 'None / Free Form Review',
'manager.reviewForms.noneCreated' => 'No review forms have been created.',
'manager.reviewForms.noneUsed' => 'No review forms have been used.',
'manager.reviewForms.preview' => 'Preview Form',
'manager.reviewForms.reviewFormData' => 'Review Form Data',
'manager.reviewForms.title' => 'Title',
'manager.reviewFormElement.changeType' => 'Changing the form item type...',
'manager.reviewFormElements' => 'Form Items',
'manager.reviewFormElements.addResponseItem' => 'Add selection',
'manager.reviewFormElements.checkboxes' => 'Checkboxes (you can choose one or more)',
'manager.reviewFormElements.chooseType' => 'Choose item type',
'manager.reviewFormElements.confirmDelete' => 'Confirm delete of a published form item...',
'manager.reviewFormElements.copyTo' => 'Copy to:',
'manager.reviewFormElements.create' => 'Create New Item',
'manager.reviewFormElements.dropdownbox' => 'Drop-down box',
'manager.reviewFormElements.edit' => 'Edit Form Item',
'manager.reviewFormElements.elementType' => 'Item type',
'manager.reviewFormElements.form.elementTypeRequired' => 'An item type is required for the form item.',
'manager.reviewFormElements.form.questionRequired' => 'A question is required for the form item.',
'manager.reviewFormElements.noneCreated' => 'No form items have been created.',
'manager.reviewFormElements.possibleResponse' => 'Selection',
'manager.reviewFormElements.question' => 'Item',
'manager.reviewFormElements.description' => 'Description',
'manager.reviewFormElements.radiobuttons' => 'Radio buttons (you can only choose one)',
'manager.reviewFormElements.required' => 'Reviewers required to complete item',
'manager.reviewFormElements.included' => 'Included in message to author',
'manager.reviewFormElements.smalltextfield' => 'Single word text box',
'manager.reviewFormElements.textarea' => 'Extended text box',
'manager.reviewFormElements.textfield' => 'Single line text box',
'manager.reviewFormElements.viewable' => 'Viewable (for authors)',
'grid.action.createReviewForm' => 'Create a new Review Form',
'manager.setup.reviewerCompetingInterestsRequired.description' => 'Reviewer Competing Interest statement',
'manager.setup.competingInterests.required' => 'Request a Competing Interest statement during the peer review.',
'manager.setup.licenseURLDescription' => 'URL to a webpage describing the license, if available.',
'manager.setup.metadata.submission' => 'Submission Form',
'plugins.importexport.common.validationErrors' => 'Validation errors:',
'plugins.importexport.common.warningsEncountered' => 'Warnings encountered:',
'plugins.importexport.common.errorsOccured' => 'Errors occured:',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.unknownElement' => 'Unknown element {$param}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.unknownGenre' => 'Unknown genre {$param}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.unknownEncoding' => 'Unknown encoding {$param}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.encodingError' => 'The content is not encoded as {$param}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.unknownUserGroup' => 'Unknown user group {$param}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.missingGivenName' => 'The author {$authorName} does not have a given name in the submission\'s language, {$localeName}. The submission can not be imported without this information.',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.unknownUploader' => 'Unknown uploader {$param}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.temporaryFileFailed' => 'Temporary file {$dest} could not be created from {$source}',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.filesizeMismatch' => 'The provided filesize "{$expected}" and the actual filesize "{$actual}" do not match',
'plugins.importexport.common.error.duplicateRevisionForSubmission' => 'The revision "{$revisionId}" for submission file "{$fileId}" would create a duplicate record',
'plugins.importexport.native.error.submissionFileImportFailed' => 'The submission file could not be imported',
'plugins.importexport.user.importExportErrors' => 'Import/Export errors:',
'plugins.importexport.user.error.userHasNoPassword' => 'The imported user "{$username}" has no password. Check your import XML format. The user has not been imported.',
'plugins.importexport.user.error.passwordHasBeenChanged' => 'The imported user "{$username}" password could not be imported as is. A new password is been send to the user email. The user has been imported.',
'plugins.importexport.user.error.plainPasswordNotValid' => 'The imported user "{$username}" has a plain password that is not valid. The user has not been imported.',
'plugins.importexport.user.error.usernameEmailMismatch' => 'The username "{$username}" and the e-mail "{$email}" do not match to the one and the same existing user.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.title' => 'Title',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.path' => 'Path',
'manager.navigationMenus' => 'Navigation Menus',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.viewInstructions' => '<p>This page will be accessible at: <blockquote>{$pagesPath}</blockquote>...where %PATH% is the path entered above. <strong>Note:</strong> No two pages can have the same path. Using paths that are built into the system may cause you to lose access to important functions.</p>',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.content' => 'Content',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.pathRegEx' => 'The path field must contain only alphanumeric characters plus \'.\', \'/\', \'-\', and \'_\'.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.duplicatePath' => 'This path already exists for another navigation menu item.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.duplicateTitles' => 'This title already exists for another navigation menu.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.titleRequired' => 'The title is required',
'manager.navigationMenuItems' => 'Navigation Menu Items',
'manager.navigationMenus.assignedMenuItems' => 'Assigned Menu Items',
'manager.navigationMenus.unassignedMenuItems' => 'Unassigned Menu Items',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.navigationMenuArea' => 'Active Theme Navigation Areas',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.navigationMenuAreaMessage' => 'Select a navigation area',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.menuAssigned' => 'A navigation menu is already assigned to this area.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.url' => 'URL',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.customUrlError' => 'A URL must be provided',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.conditionalDisplay' => 'Learn more about when this menu item will be displayed or hidden.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.submenuWarning' => 'When a menu item opens a submenu, it\'s link can not be followed on all devices. For example, if you have an "About" item which opens a submenu with "Contact" and "Editorial Team", the "About" link may not be reachable on all devices. In the default menu, this is handled by creating a second menu item, "About the Journal", which appears in the submenu.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.navigationMenuItemType' => 'Navigation Menu Type',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.navigationMenuItemTypeMessage' => 'Select a Navigation Menu Type or Custom to make your own',
'manager.navigationMenus.customPage' => 'Custom Page',
'manager.navigationMenus.customPage.description' => 'Create a custom page on your site and link to it from a navigation menu.',
'manager.navigationMenus.remoteUrl' => 'Remote URL',
'manager.navigationMenus.remoteUrl.description' => 'Link to any URL on another site, like https://pkp.sfu.ca.',
'manager.navigationMenus.about.description' => 'Link to a page displaying the About the Journal content in Settings > Journal',
'manager.navigationMenus.about.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if you have filled out the About the Journal section under Settings > Journal.',
'manager.navigationMenus.editorialTeam.description' => 'Link to a page displaying the Masthead content in Settings > Journal.',
'manager.navigationMenus.editorialTeam.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if you have filled out the Editorial Team section under Settings > Journal.',
'manager.navigationMenus.submissions.description' => 'Link to the page displaying submission instructions.',
'manager.navigationMenus.current.description' => 'Link to your current issue.',
'manager.navigationMenus.archives.description' => 'Link to your issue archive.',
'manager.navigationMenus.announcements.description' => 'Link to the page displaying your announcements.',
'manager.navigationMenus.announcements.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if you have enabled announcements under Settings > Website.',
'manager.navigationMenus.login.description' => 'Link to the user login page.',
'manager.navigationMenus.register.description' => 'Link to the user registration page.',
'manager.navigationMenus.dashboard.description' => 'Link to the editorial dashboard.',
'manager.navigationMenus.profile.description' => 'Link to the user profile page.',
'manager.navigationMenus.administration.description' => 'Link to the site-wide administration tools.',
'manager.navigationMenus.administration.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed to administrative users.',
'manager.navigationMenus.logOut.description' => 'A link that will log the user out.',
'manager.navigationMenus.loggedOut.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed when the visitor is logged in.',
'manager.navigationMenus.loggedIn.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed when the visitor is not logged in.',
'manager.navigationMenus.contact.description' => 'Link to a page displaying your contact information.',
'manager.navigationMenus.contact.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if you have filled out the Contact information under Settings > Contact.',
'manager.navigationMenus.form.typeMissing' => 'Please select a navigation menu type.',
'manager.navigationMenus.subscriptions.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if payments are enabled under Settings > Distribution > Payments.',
'manager.navigationMenus.mySubscriptions.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if the visitor is logged in, payments are enabled under Settings > Distribution > Payments and subscriptions are required under Settings > Distribution > Access.',
'manager.navigationMenus.search.description' => 'Link to the search page.',
'manager.navigationMenus.privacyStatement.description' => 'Link to the page displaying your privacy statement.',
'manager.navigationMenus.privacyStatement.conditionalWarning' => 'This link will only be displayed if you have entered a privacy statement under Settings > Workflow > Submissions.',
'grid.category.add' => 'Add Category',
'grid.category.edit' => 'Edit Category',
'grid.category.name' => 'Name',
'grid.category.path' => 'Path',
'grid.category.urlWillBe' => 'The category\'s URL will be: {$sampleUrl}',
'grid.category.pathAlphaNumeric' => 'The category path must consist of only letters and numbers.',
'grid.category.pathExists' => 'The category path already exists. Please enter a unique path.',
'grid.category.description' => 'Description',
'grid.category.parentCategory' => 'Parent Category',
'grid.category.removeText' => 'Are you sure you wish to remove this category?',
'grid.category.nameRequired' => 'Please enter a category name.',
'grid.category.categoryDetails' => 'Category Details',
'stats.activeSubmissions' => 'Active Submissions',
'stats.articlesOfTotal' => '{$count} of {$total} articles',
'stats.daily' => 'Daily',
'stats.dateRange' => 'Date Range',
'stats.dateRange.allDates' => 'All dates',
'stats.dateRange.apply' => 'Apply',
'stats.dateRange.change' => 'Change date range',
'stats.dateRange.customRange' => 'Custom Range',
'stats.dateRange.dateDoesNotExist' => 'One of the dates entered does not exist.',
'stats.dateRange.from' => 'From',
'stats.dateRange.instruction' => 'Enter each date in the format YYYY-MM-DD. For example, if you want the date for 15 January, 2019, enter 2019-01-15.',
'stats.dateRange.invalidDate' => 'The date format is not valid. Enter each date in the format YYYY-MM-DD.',
'stats.dateRange.invalidDateRange' => 'The start date must be before the end date.',
'stats.dateRange.invalidEndDateMax' => 'The end date may not be later than {$date}.',
'stats.dateRange.invalidStartDateMin' => 'The start date may not be earlier than {$date}.',
'stats.dateRange.last12Months' => 'Last 12 months',
'stats.dateRange.last30Days' => 'Last 30 days',
'stats.dateRange.last90Days' => 'Last 90 days',
'stats.dateRange.sinceDate' => 'Since {$date}',
'stats.dateRange.to' => 'To',
'stats.dateRange.untilDate' => 'Until {$date}',
'stats.fileViews' => 'File Views',
'stats.html' => 'HTML',
'stats.monthly' => 'Monthly',
'stats.pdf' => 'PDF',
'stats.searchSubmissionDescription' => 'Search by title, author and ID',
'stats.total' => 'Total',
); ?>Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
LinuXploit