Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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Examples may be found at <a target="_blank" href="http://dublincore.org/documents/2001/04/12/usageguide/generic.shtml#type">http://dublincore.org/documents/2001/04/12/usageguide/generic.shtml#type</a>', 'submission.underway' => 'Underway', 'submission.uploadFileTo' => 'Upload file to', 'submission.createRemote' => 'Create remote', 'submission.viewMetadata' => 'View Metadata', 'submission.views' => 'Views', 'submission.uploadSuccessful' => 'Your file has been uploaded.', 'submission.loadMessage' => 'Please wait while your file is uploaded to the server.', 'submission.artworkFileDetails' => 'Artwork File Details', 'submission.fileDetails' => 'File Details', 'submission.nameRequired' => 'A name is required for this item.', 'submission.date.mmdd' => 'MM-DD', 'submission.date.yyyymmdd' => 'YYYY-MM-DD', 'submission.submit.selectPrincipalContact' => 'Principal contact for editorial correspondence.', 'submission.submit.contributorRole' => 'Contributor\'s role', 'submission.submit.addAuthor' => 'Add Contributor', 'submission.submit.form.languagesRequired' => 'Please enter a language.', 'submission.submit.form.subjectsRequired' => 'Please enter a subject.', 'submission.submit.form.disciplinesRequired' => 'Please enter a discipline.', 'submission.submit.form.keywordsRequired' => 'Please enter a keyword.', 'submission.submit.form.agenciesRequired' => 'Please enter a supporting agency.', 'submission.submit.form.coverageRequired' => 'Please enter the coverage information.', 'submission.submit.form.typeRequired' => 'Please enter the type.', 'submission.submit.form.sourceRequired' => 'Please enter the source.', 'submission.submit.form.rightsRequired' => 'Please enter the rights.', 'submission.submit.form.citationsRequired' => 'Please enter the references.', 'submission.form.name' => 'Name the file (e.g., Manuscript; Table 1)', 'submission.form.replaceExisting' => 'Replacing an Existing File?', 'workflow.review.internalReview' => 'Internal Review', 'workflow.stage.any' => 'Any Stage', 'workflow.stage' => 'Stage', 'submission.status.editorial' => 'In Copyediting', 'submission.status.production' => 'In Proofreading', 'submission.status.review' => 'In Review', 'submission.status.submission' => 'Awaiting Editor Decision', 'submission.status.unassigned' => 'Unassigned', 'submission.status.declined' => 'Declined', 'submission.status.published' => 'Published', 'submission.submit.uploadStep' => '1. Upload File', 'submission.submit.uploadSubmissionFile' => 'Upload Submission File', 'submission.submit.metadataStep' => '2. Review Details', 'submission.submit.finishingUpStep' => '3. Confirm', 'submission.submit.fileNameRequired' => 'You must enter a file name for this file', 'submission.upload.noGenre' => 'Missing or invalid component!', 'submission.upload.invalidUserGroup' => 'Missing or invalid user group!', 'submission.upload.possibleRevision' => 'Possible Duplication or Revision Detected', 'submission.upload.possibleRevisionDescription' => 'The name of the uploaded file resembles the name of a previously uploaded file, "{$revisedFileName}." Is this file intended to replace "{$revisedFileName}"? If so, select the file below. Otherwise, select "This is not a revision of an existing file" before proceeding.', 'submission.upload.selectMandatoryFileToRevise' => 'Please select the file you would like to revise.', 'submission.upload.selectOptionalFileToRevise' => 'If you are uploading a revision of an existing file, please indicate which file.', 'submission.upload.uploadNewFile' => 'This is not a revision of an existing file', 'submission.upload.userGroup' => 'Upload this file in my role as...', 'submission.upload.userGroupDescription' => 'If you are submitting an Edited Volume, you should upload all volume chapters individually, under your role as volume editor.', 'submission.upload.uploadLibraryFile' => 'Upload a Library File', 'submission.upload.libraryCategory' => 'Submission Document Category', 'submission.upload.finalDraft' => 'Upload File', 'submission.upload.copyeditedVersion' => 'Upload Copyedited File', 'submission.upload.fairCopy' => 'Upload Fair Copy', 'submission.upload.uploadFiles' => 'Upload Files', 'submission.upload.response.description' => 'After reviewing the assigned file, record any comments on the file below, and/or upload an annotated copy of the file (or another file).', 'submission.upload.productionReady' => 'Upload a Production Ready File', 'submission.upload.proof' => 'Upload a File Ready for Publication', 'submission.upload.noAvailableReviewFiles' => 'There are no files for you to revise at this time.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.revisionsRequested' => 'Revisions have been requested.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.revisionsSubmitted' => 'Revisions have been submitted.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.resubmitForReview' => 'The submission must be resubmitted for another review round.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.submissionResubmitted' => 'Submission has been resubmitted for another review round.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.sentToExternal' => 'Sent to external review.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.accepted' => 'Submission accepted.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.declined' => 'Submission declined.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.pendingReviewers' => 'Waiting for reviewers to be assigned.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.pendingReviews' => 'Awaiting responses from reviewers.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.reviewsReady' => 'New reviews have been submitted.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.reviewsCompleted' => 'All reviewers have responded and a decision is needed.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.reviewOverdue' => 'A review is overdue.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.pendingRecommendations' => 'Awaiting recommendations from editors.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.recommendationsReady' => 'New editorial recommendations have been submitted.', 'editor.submission.roundStatus.recommendationsCompleted' => 'All recommendations are in and a decision is needed.', 'editor.submission.stageParticipants' => 'Participants', 'editor.submission.noneAssigned' => 'None Assigned', 'editor.submission.participant' => 'Participant', 'editor.submission.addStageParticipant' => 'Assign Participant', 'editor.submission.addStageParticipant.userGroup' => 'Users are assigned to stages of the workflow by user group. Any user assigned to this stage will automatically be assigned to other stages to which their user group has been assigned. This is commonly reserved for editors, authors and translators.', 'editor.submission.removeStageParticipant' => 'Remove Participant', 'editor.submission.removeStageParticipant.description' => 'You are about to remove this participant from <strong>all</strong> stages. If the user also have pending auditor tasks, they will be removed too.', 'editor.submission.addStageParticipant.form.userGroupRequired' => 'You must select a user group.', 'editor.submission.addStageParticipant.form.userRequired' => 'You must select a user for the specified user group.', 'editor.submission.addStageParticipant.form.reviewerWarning' => 'The participant you selected has been assigned to conduct a blind review. If you assign them as a participant, they will have access to the author\'s identity. You are encouraged not to assign this participant unless you can independently ensure the integrity of the peer review process.', 'editor.submission.decision' => 'Decision', 'editor.submission.decision.accept' => 'Accept Submission', 'editor.submission.decision.requestRevisions' => 'Request Revisions', 'editor.submission.decision.resubmit' => 'Resubmit for Review', 'editor.submission.decision.decline' => 'Decline Submission', 'editor.submission.decision.sendToProduction' => 'Send To Production', 'editor.submission.decision.skipReview' => 'Accept and Skip Review', 'editor.submission.decision.sendInternalReview' => 'Send to Internal Review', 'editor.submission.decision.approveProofsDescription' => 'The page proof file must be checked as approved to be made Available. Do you want to approve it?', 'editor.submission.decision.approveProofs' => 'Approve Proofs', 'editor.submission.decision.disapproveProofsDescription' => 'This file proof will no longer be publicly available for download or purchase. Do you want to disapprove it?', 'editor.submission.decision.noDecisionsAvailable' => 'Assign an editor to enable the editorial decisions for this stage.', 'editor.submission.makeRecommendation' => 'Make Recommendation', 'editor.submission.changeRecommendation' => 'Change Recommendation', 'editor.submission.recommendation.display' => 'Recommendation: {$recommendation}', 'editor.submission.allRecommendations.display' => 'Recommendations: {$recommendations}', 'editor.submission.recommendation' => 'Recommendation', 'editor.submission.recommendation.description' => 'Recommend an editorial decision for this submission.', 'editor.submission.recordedRecommendations' => 'Recorded Recommendations', 'editor.submission.decision.nextButton' => 'Next: Select Files for {$stageName}', 'editor.submission.decision.selectFiles' => 'Select the files you would like to forward to the {$stageName} stage.', 'editor.submission.decision.previousAuthorNotification' => 'Previous: Author Notification', 'submission.currentStage' => 'Current stage', 'submission.noActionRequired' => 'No action required', 'submission.actionNeeded' => 'Needs action', 'reviewer.submission.reviewFiles' => 'Review Files', 'submission.submit.currentFile' => 'Current file', 'submission.finalDraft' => 'Draft Files', 'editor.submission.addAuditorError' => 'There was an error trying to assign the auditor. Please Try again.', 'submission.event.fileUploaded' => 'A file "{$originalFileName}" was uploaded for submission {$submissionId} by {$username}.', 'submission.event.fileDeleted' => 'A file "{$originalFileName}" was deleted for submission {$submissionId} by {$username}.', 'submission.event.revisionUploaded' => 'A file revision "{$originalFileName}" was uploaded for submission {$submissionId} by {$username}.', 'submission.event.revisionDeleted' => 'A file revision "{$originalFileName}" was deleted for submission {$submissionId} by {$username}.', 'submission.event.lastRevisionDeleted' => 'A file "{$title}" had its last revision removed by {$username}.', 'submission.event.fileAuditorAdded' => '"{$name}" ({$username}) was added as an auditor for the file "{$file}."', 'submission.event.fileAuditorCleared' => '"{$name}" ({$username}) was removed as an auditor for the file "{$file}."', 'submission.event.fileAuditUploaded' => '"{$name}" ({$username}) has completed an audit and uploaded "{$file}."', 'submission.event.signoffSignoff' => '"{$name}" ({$username}) has signed off on the signoff for "{$file}."', 'submission.event.proofsApproved' => '"{$name}" ({$username}) has approved the proofs for "{$formatName}."', 'submission.overview' => 'Submission Overview', 'submission.description' => 'Description', 'submission.stageNotInitiated' => 'Stage not initiated.', 'submission.documents' => 'Submission Documents', 'notification.type.editorAssign' => 'You have been assigned as an editor to the submission "{$title}".', 'notification.type.copyeditorRequest' => 'You have been asked to review copyedits for "{$title}".', 'notification.type.layouteditorRequest' => 'You have been asked to review layouts for "{$title}".', 'notification.type.indexRequest' => 'You have been asked to create an index for "{$title}".', 'notification.type.editorDecisionTitle' => 'Latest editor decision.', 'notification.type.editorDecisionAccept' => 'Submission accepted.', 'notification.type.editorDecisionExternalReview' => 'External review process started.', 'notification.type.editorDecisionPendingRevisions' => 'Revision required.', 'notification.type.editorDecisionResubmit' => 'Resubmit for review.', 'notification.type.editorDecisionDecline' => 'Submission declined.', 'notification.uploadedResponse' => 'Response uploaded.', 'notification.type.editorAssignment' => 'An editor must be assigned before review is initiated. Please add editor using the Participants list.', 'grid.reviewAttachments.title' => 'Reviewer\'s Attachments', 'grid.reviewAttachments.send.title' => 'Select review files to share with the author(s)', 'submission.productionReady' => 'Book available', 'submission.review.uploadRevisionToRound' => 'Upload Revised File', 'log.review.reviewerAssigned' => '{$reviewerName} has been assigned to review submission {$submissionId} for review round {$round}.', 'log.review.reviewUnconsidered' => '{$editorName} has marked the round {$round} review for submission {$submissionId} as unconsidered.', 'log.review.reviewConfirmed' => 'Editor {$userName} has confirmed a review for the round {$round} review for submission {$submissionId}.', 'log.review.reviewReady' => '{$reviewerName} has completed the review for the round {$round} review for submission {$submissionId}.', 'submission.review.status.awaitingResponse' => 'Waiting for a response from the reviewer.', 'submission.review.status.declined' => 'The reviewer declined this review request.', 'submission.review.status.responseOverdue' => 'The reviewer has missed the response due date.', 'submission.review.status.reviewOverdue' => 'The reviewer has missed the review due date.', 'submission.review.status.accepted' => 'This review has been accepted.', 'submission.review.status.received' => 'The reviewer has submitted their review.', 'submission.review.status.complete' => 'This review has been completed.', 'submission.review.status.thanked' => 'This review is complete and the reviewer has been thanked for their contribution.', 'submission.document' => 'Document', 'submission.art' => 'Artwork', 'submission.supplementary' => 'Supplementary Content', 'submission.supplementary.creator' => 'Creator (or owner) of file', 'submission.supplementary.subject' => 'Subject', 'submission.supplementary.publisher' => 'Publisher', 'submission.supplementary.sponsor' => 'Contributor or sponsoring agency', 'grid.action.itemWorkflow' => 'Go to this submission\'s workflow', 'notification.type.editorDecisionSendToProduction' => 'Production process started.', 'notification.type.editorAssignmentProduction' => 'A production editor must be assigned before production process can be initiated. Please add a production editor using the Participants list.', 'notification.type.editorAssignmentEditing' => 'A production editor must be assigned before editorial process is initiated. Please add a production editor using the Participants list.', 'submission.reviewForm' => 'Review Form', 'submission.reviewFormResponse' => 'Review Form Response', 'grid.action.createReviewFormElement' => 'Create a new review form element', 'grid.action.editMetadata' => 'Edit Metadata', 'submission.permissions' => 'Permissions', 'submission.attachPermissions' => 'Attach the following permissions to the submission:', 'submission.license' => 'License', 'submission.copyright' => 'Copyright', 'submission.copyrightHolder' => 'Copyright Holder', 'submission.copyrightYear' => 'Copyright Year', 'submission.copyrightStatement' => 'Copyright (c) {$copyrightYear} {$copyrightHolder}', 'submission.licenseURLValid' => 'Please provide a valid remote URL (include http://).', 'submission.licenseURL' => 'License URL', 'submission.license.cc.by-nc-nd4' => 'CC Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0', 'submission.license.cc.by-nc4' => 'CC Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0', 'submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4' => 'CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0', 'submission.license.cc.by-nd4' => 'CC Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0', 'submission.license.cc.by4' => 'CC Attribution 4.0', 'submission.license.cc.by-sa4' => 'CC Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0', 'submission.license.cc.by-nc-nd4.footer' => '<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>', 'submission.license.cc.by-nc4.footer' => '<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License</a>.</p>', 'submission.license.cc.by-nc-sa4.footer' => '<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nc-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>', 'submission.license.cc.by-nd4.footer' => '<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-nd/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License</a>.</p>', 'submission.license.cc.by4.footer' => '<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.</p>', 'submission.license.cc.by-sa4.footer' => '<a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/"><img alt="Creative Commons License" src="//i.creativecommons.org/l/by-sa/4.0/88x31.png" /></a><p>This work is licensed under a <a rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License</a>.</p>', 'submission.queries.submission' => 'Pre-Review Discussions', 'submission.queries.review' => 'Review Discussions', 'submission.queries.editorial' => 'Copyediting Discussions', 'submission.queries.production' => 'Production Discussions', 'submission.query.subject' => 'Subject', 'submission.query.messages' => 'Messages', 'submission.query.replies' => 'Replies', 'submission.query.from' => 'From', 'submission.query.lastReply' => 'Last Reply', 'submission.query.closed' => 'Closed', 'submission.query.addNote' => 'Add Message', 'grid.action.openNoteForm' => 'Add a new reply to the discussion', 'submission.query.activity' => '{$responderName} replied to {$noteTitle}: {$noteContents}', 'submission.query.new' => '{$creatorName} started a discussion: {$noteTitle}: {$noteContents}', 'submission.query.activity.contents' => 'There is new activity in the discussion titled "{$queryTitle}" regarding the submission "{$submissionTitle}".', 'submission.query.new.contents' => 'You have been added to a discussion titled "{$queryTitle}" regarding the submission "{$submissionTitle}".', 'submission.query.participantTitle' => '{$fullName}, {$userGroup}', 'submission.query.noParticipantOptions' => 'You must assign at least one participant to this submission before initiating a discussion.', 'submission.list.infoCenter' => 'Activity Log & Notes', 'submission.list.count' => '{$count} submissions', 'submission.list.itemsOfTotal' => '{$count} of {$total} submissions', 'submission.list.responseDue' => 'Response Due', 'submission.list.reviewDue' => 'Review Due', 'submission.list.reviewComplete' => 'Review Submitted', 'submission.list.confirmDelete' => 'Delete submission?', 'submission.list.itemOrdererUp' => 'Increase position of {$itemTitle}', 'submission.list.itemOrdererDown' => 'Decrease position of {$itemTitle}', 'submission.list.viewSubmission' => 'View Submission', 'submission.list.reviewsCompleted' => 'Assigned reviews completed', 'submission.list.revisionsSubmitted' => 'Revisions submitted', 'submission.list.copyeditsSubmitted' => 'Copyedited files submitted', 'submission.list.galleysCreated' => 'Production galleys created', 'submission.list.filesPrepared' => 'Files prepared', 'submission.list.discussions' => 'Open discussions', 'submission.list.dualWorkflowLinks' => 'You have been assigned multiple roles for this submission. Would you like to access the <a href="{$urlAuthorWorkflow}">Author\'s workflow</a> or the <a href="{$urlEditorialWorkflow}">Editorial workflow</a>?', 'submission.list.reviewerWorkflowLink' => 'You have been assigned an editorial role for this submission. Would you like to access the <a href="{$urlEditorialWorkflow}">Editorial workflow</a>?', 'submission.list.incompleteSubmissionNotice' => 'This submission must be completed before an editor will review it.', 'submission.list.currentStage' => 'Currently in the {$stage} stage.', 'submission.list.assignEditor' => 'Assign Editor', 'grid.category.categories' => 'Categories', 'catalog.sortBy.titleAsc' => 'Title (A-Z)', 'catalog.sortBy.titleDesc' => 'Title (Z-A)', 'catalog.sortBy.datePublishedAsc' => 'Publication date (oldest first)', 'catalog.sortBy.datePublishedDesc' => 'Publication date (newest first)', 'category.coverImage' => 'Cover Image', 'submission.submit.placement.categories' => 'Categories', 'submission.currentCoverImage' => 'Current Image', 'catalog.category.noItems' => 'Nothing has been published in this category yet.', 'catalog.category.subcategories' => 'Subcategories', ); ?>
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