Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/bash
#
# tools/release.sh
#
# Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Simon Fraser University
# Copyright (c) 2003-2019 John Willinsky
# Distributed under the GNU GPL v2. For full terms see the file docs/COPYING.
#
# Script to create an automated (incremental) release of OJS.
#
# Usage: release.sh <stable-branch> <distrib dir> <github access token>
# <stable_branch>: the stable branch to release from (e.g. ojs-stable-2_4_5)
# <distrib dir>: a directory containing prior tarballs to use in generating
# patches
# <github access token>: an API token from
# https://github.com/settings/applications
#
# NOTE: This script CANNOT currently be used to release a first build of a
# revision (i.e. a -0 build). It can only be used to release -1 and subsequent
# builds of a revision.
# Fail on first error
set -e
# Check for proper usage
if [ -z "$3" ]; then
echo "Usage: $0 <stable-branch> <distrib dir> <github access token>";
exit 1;
fi
BRANCH=$1
DISTRIBDIR=$2
ACCESSTOKEN=$3
# Make sure we're at the head of the stable branch
git checkout ${BRANCH}
git pull
cd lib/pkp
git checkout ${BRANCH}
git pull
cd ../..
# Determine the tag of the last release on this branch (e.g. ojs-2_4_5-0)
LASTTAG=`git describe --tags --abbrev=0 $BRANCH`
# Parse the version number information from the tag
[[ $LASTTAG =~ ([a-z]+)-([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)_([0-9]+)-([0-9]+) ]] && APPLICATION="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}" && MAJOR="${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" && MINOR="${BASH_REMATCH[3]}" && REVISION="${BASH_REMATCH[4]}" && LASTBUILD="${BASH_REMATCH[5]}"
THISBUILD=$((LASTBUILD+1))
# Calculate the tag of the next release (e.g. ojs-2_4_5-1
THISTAG=`echo $LASTTAG | sed -r 's/(.*-)([0-9]+)/echo \1$((\2+1))/ge'`
# Other useful bits and pieces
BUILDDATE=`date +%Y-%m-%d`
APPLICATION_UPPER=`echo ${APPLICATION} | tr '[:lower:]' '[:upper:]'`
# Update the version descriptor
LASTPATCHSUFFIX="${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}"
[[ ${LASTBUILD} -ne "" ]] && LASTPATCHSUFFIX="${LASTPATCHSUFFIX}-${LASTBUILD}"
sed -i -e "s/<tag>.*<\/tag>/<tag>${THISTAG}<\/tag>/" \
-e "s/<release>.*<\/release>/<release>${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}.${THISBUILD}<\/release>/" \
-e "s/<date>.*<\/date>/<date>${BUILDDATE}<\/date>/" \
-e "s/<package>.*<\/package>/<package>http:\/\/pkp.sfu.ca\/${APPLICATION}\/download\/${APPLICATION}-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}-${THISBUILD}.tar.gz<\/package>/" \
-e "s/\(<patch .*_to_\).*\(\.patch\.gz.*\)/\1${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}-${THISBUILD}.patch.gz/" \
dbscripts/xml/version.xml
git add dbscripts/xml/version.xml
# Update the upgrade and install descriptors
sed -i -e "s/<install version=\".*\">/<install version=\"${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}.${THISBUILD}\">/" \
dbscripts/xml/upgrade.xml dbscripts/xml/install.xml
git add dbscripts/xml/upgrade.xml dbscripts/xml/install.xml
# Update the README.md
sed -i -e "s/=== Version: .*/=== Version: ${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}-${THISBUILD}/" \
-e "s/=== GIT tag: .*/=== GIT tag: ${THISTAG}/" \
-e "s/=== Release date: .*/=== Release date: ${BUILDDATE}/" \
docs/README.md
git add docs/README.md
# Update the Doxygen config file
sed -i -e "s/^\(PROJECT_NUMBER.*= \).*/\1${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}-${THISBUILD}/" \
docs/dev/*.doxygen
# Generate the release notes
echo -n "Generating release notes"
echo "
Automated Build ${MAJOR}-${MINOR}-${REVISION}.${THISBUILD}
-----------------------
This automated build adds the following fixes to the base release of ${APPLICATION_UPPER} ${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}:
" >> docs/RELEASE
# Get the bug IDs and titles for issues referenced in this release
for ISSUENUM in `(git log --pretty=oneline ${LASTTAG}..HEAD && cd lib/pkp && git log --pretty=oneline ${LASTTAG}..HEAD) | sed -n -e "s/.*pkp\/pkp-lib#\([0-9]\+\).*/\1/p" | sort -n | uniq`; do
ISSUETITLE=`wget --auth-no-challenge --user=${ACCESSTOKEN} --password=x-oauth-basic -q -O - "https://api.github.com/repos/pkp/pkp-lib/issues/${ISSUENUM}" | php -r "echo trim(json_decode(file_get_contents('php://stdin'))->title);"`
echo " #${ISSUENUM}: ${ISSUETITLE}" >> docs/RELEASE
echo -n "." # Status
done
RELEASE_ALTCOPY="docs/release-notes/README-${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}"
cp docs/RELEASE ${RELEASE_ALTCOPY}
git add docs/RELEASE ${RELEASE_ALTCOPY}
echo " Done."
# Commit the last changes
git add lib/pkp
git commit -m "Automated commits for ${APPLICATION_UPPER} ${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}-${THISBUILD}"
cd lib/pkp
git tag ${THISTAG}
git push --tags
cd ../..
git tag ${THISTAG}
git push --tags
# Build the package
bash tools/buildpkg.sh ${MAJOR}.${MINOR}.${REVISION}-${THISBUILD} ${THISTAG} ${DISTRIBDIR}
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