Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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# # This is the configuration file for the pam_group module. # # # *** Please note that giving group membership on a session basis is # *** NOT inherently secure. If a user can create an executable that # *** is setgid a group that they are infrequently given membership # *** of, they can basically obtain group membership any time they # *** like. Example: games are allowed between the hours of 6pm and 6am # *** user joe logs in at 7pm writes a small C-program toplay.c that # *** invokes their favorite shell, compiles it and does # *** "chgrp play toplay; chmod g+s toplay". They are basically able # *** to play games any time... You have been warned. AGM # # # The syntax of the lines is as follows: # # services;ttys;users;times;groups # # white space is ignored and lines maybe extended with '\\n' (escaped # newlines). From reading these comments, it is clear that # text following a '#' is ignored to the end of the line. # # the combination of individual users/terminals etc is a logic list # namely individual tokens that are optionally prefixed with '!' (logical # not) and separated with '&' (logical and) and '|' (logical or). # # services # is a logic list of PAM service names that the rule applies to. # # ttys # is a logic list of terminal names that this rule applies to. # # users # is a logic list of users or a netgroup of users to whom this # rule applies. # # NB. For these items the simple wildcard '*' may be used only once. # With netgroups no wildcards or logic operators are allowed. # # times # It is used to indicate "when" these groups are to be given to the # user. The format here is a logic list of day/time-range # entries the days are specified by a sequence of two character # entries, MoTuSa for example is Monday Tuesday and Saturday. Note # that repeated days are unset MoMo = no day, and MoWk = all weekdays # bar Monday. The two character combinations accepted are # # Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa Su Wk Wd Al # # the last two being week-end days and all 7 days of the week # respectively. As a final example, AlFr means all days except Friday. # # Each day/time-range can be prefixed with a '!' to indicate "anything # but" # # The time-range part is two 24-hour times HHMM separated by a hyphen # indicating the start and finish time (if the finish time is smaller # than the start time it is deemed to apply on the following day). # # groups # The (comma or space separated) list of groups that the user # inherits membership of. These groups are added if the previous # fields are satisfied by the user's request # # For a rule to be active, ALL of service+ttys+users must be satisfied # by the applying process. # # # Note, to get this to work as it is currently typed you need # # 1. to run an application as root # 2. add the following groups to the /etc/group file: # floppy, play, sound # # # Here is a simple example: running 'xsh' on tty* (any ttyXXX device), # the user 'us' is given access to the floppy (through membership of # the floppy group) # #xsh;tty*&!ttyp*;us;Al0000-2400;floppy # # another example: running 'xsh' on tty* (any ttyXXX device), # the user 'sword' is given access to games (through membership of # the sound and play group) after work hours. # #xsh; tty* ;sword;!Wk0900-1800;sound, play #xsh; tty* ;*;Al0900-1800;floppy # # yet another example: any member of the group 'admin' running # 'xsh' on tty*, is granted access (at any time) to the group 'plugdev' # #xsh; tty* ;%admin;Al0000-2400;plugdev # # End of group.conf file #
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