Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh -e
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: networking ifupdown
# Required-Start: mountkernfs $local_fs urandom
# Required-Stop: $local_fs
# Default-Start: S
# Default-Stop: 0 6
# Short-Description: Raise network interfaces.
# Description: Prepare /run/network directory, ifstate file and raise network interfaces, or take them down.
### END INIT INFO
PATH="/sbin:/bin"
RUN_DIR="/run/network"
IFSTATE="$RUN_DIR/ifstate"
STATEDIR="$RUN_DIR/state"
[ -x /sbin/ifup ] || exit 0
[ -x /sbin/ifdown ] || exit 0
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
CONFIGURE_INTERFACES=yes
EXCLUDE_INTERFACES=
VERBOSE=no
[ -f /etc/default/networking ] && . /etc/default/networking
verbose=""
[ "$VERBOSE" = yes ] && verbose=-v
process_exclusions() {
set -- $EXCLUDE_INTERFACES
exclusions=""
for d
do
exclusions="-X $d $exclusions"
done
echo $exclusions
}
process_options() {
[ -e /etc/network/options ] || return 0
log_warning_msg "/etc/network/options still exists and it will be IGNORED! Please use /etc/sysctl.conf instead."
}
check_ifstate() {
if [ ! -d "$RUN_DIR" ] ; then
if ! mkdir -p "$RUN_DIR" ; then
log_failure_msg "can't create $RUN_DIR"
exit 1
fi
if ! chown root:netdev "$RUN_DIR" ; then
log_warning_msg "can't chown $RUN_DIR"
fi
fi
if [ ! -r "$IFSTATE" ] ; then
if ! :> "$IFSTATE" ; then
log_failure_msg "can't initialise $IFSTATE"
exit 1
fi
fi
}
check_network_file_systems() {
[ -e /proc/mounts ] || return 0
if [ -e /etc/iscsi/iscsi.initramfs ]; then
log_warning_msg "not deconfiguring network interfaces: iSCSI root is mounted."
exit 0
fi
while read DEV MTPT FSTYPE REST; do
case $DEV in
/dev/nbd*|/dev/nd[a-z]*|/dev/etherd/e*|curlftpfs*)
log_warning_msg "not deconfiguring network interfaces: network devices still mounted."
exit 0
;;
esac
case $FSTYPE in
nfs|nfs4|smbfs|ncp|ncpfs|cifs|coda|ocfs2|gfs|pvfs|pvfs2|fuse.httpfs|fuse.curlftpfs)
log_warning_msg "not deconfiguring network interfaces: network file systems still mounted."
exit 0
;;
esac
done < /proc/mounts
}
check_network_swap() {
[ -e /proc/swaps ] || return 0
while read DEV MTPT FSTYPE REST; do
case $DEV in
/dev/nbd*|/dev/nd[a-z]*|/dev/etherd/e*)
log_warning_msg "not deconfiguring network interfaces: network swap still mounted."
exit 0
;;
esac
done < /proc/swaps
}
ifup_hotplug () {
if [ -d /sys/class/net ]
then
ifaces=$(for iface in $(ifquery --list --allow=hotplug)
do
link=${iface%%:*}
link=${link%%.*}
if [ -e "/sys/class/net/$link" ] && ! ifquery --state "$iface" >/dev/null
then
echo "$iface"
fi
done)
if [ -n "$ifaces" ]
then
ifup $ifaces "$@" || true
fi
fi
}
case "$1" in
start)
process_options
check_ifstate
if [ "$CONFIGURE_INTERFACES" = no ]
then
log_action_msg "Not configuring network interfaces, see /etc/default/networking"
exit 0
fi
set -f
exclusions=$(process_exclusions)
log_action_begin_msg "Configuring network interfaces"
if [ -x /bin/udevadm ]; then
if [ -n "$(ifquery --list --exclude=lo)" ] || [ -n "$(ifquery --list --allow=hotplug)" ]; then
/bin/udevadm settle || true
fi
fi
if ifup -a $exclusions $verbose && ifup_hotplug $exclusions $verbose
then
log_action_end_msg $?
else
log_action_end_msg $?
fi
;;
stop)
check_network_file_systems
check_network_swap
log_action_begin_msg "Deconfiguring network interfaces"
if ifdown -a --exclude=lo $verbose; then
log_action_end_msg $?
else
log_action_end_msg $?
fi
;;
reload)
process_options
log_action_begin_msg "Reloading network interfaces configuration"
state=$(ifquery --state)
ifdown -a --exclude=lo $verbose || true
if ifup --exclude=lo $state $verbose ; then
log_action_end_msg $?
else
log_action_end_msg $?
fi
;;
force-reload|restart)
process_options
log_warning_msg "Running $0 $1 is deprecated because it may not re-enable some interfaces"
log_action_begin_msg "Reconfiguring network interfaces"
ifdown -a --exclude=lo $verbose || true
set -f
exclusions=$(process_exclusions)
if ifup -a --exclude=lo $exclusions $verbose && ifup_hotplug $exclusions $verbose
then
log_action_end_msg $?
else
log_action_end_msg $?
fi
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/networking {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload}"
exit 1
;;
esac
exit 0
# vim: noet ts=8
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