Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: resolvconf
# Required-Start: $local_fs
# Required-Stop: $local_fs
# X-Start-Before: networking ifupdown
# Default-Start: S
# Default-Stop: 0 6
# Short-Description: Nameserver information manager
# Description: This service manages the list of nameserver addresses
# used by the libc resolver and name service caches
### END INIT INFO
#
# This file is part of the resolvconf package.
#
# We really need "X-Stop-Before: networking ifupdown" too because
# terminal ifdowns shouldn't update resolv.conf;
# however there is unfortunately no such thing as "X-Stop-Before".
#
# This file is not used in Ubuntu.
#
# Don't use set -e; check return status instead.
[ -x /sbin/resolvconf ] || exit 0
PATH=/sbin:/bin
RUN_DIR=/run/resolvconf
ENABLE_UPDATES_FLAGFILE="${RUN_DIR}/enable-updates"
POSTPONED_UPDATE_FLAGFILE="${RUN_DIR}/postponed-update"
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# Abort if Upstart is in use, as per Policy §9.11.1.
case "$1" in
start|restart|force-reload)
init_is_upstart && exit 1
;;
stop)
init_is_upstart && exit 0
;;
esac
# $1 EXITSTATUS
# [$2 MESSAGE]
log_action_end_msg_and_exit()
{
log_action_end_msg "$1" ${2:+"$2"}
exit $1
}
create_runtime_directories()
{
umask 022
if [ ! -d "$RUN_DIR" ] ; then
# Create directory at the target
mkdir "$RUN_DIR" || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "Error creating directory $RUN_DIR"
fi
[ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon "$RUN_CANONICALDIR"
# The resolvconf run directory now exists.
if [ ! -d "${RUN_DIR}/interface" ] ; then
mkdir "${RUN_DIR}/interface" || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "Error creating directory ${RUN_DIR}/interface"
fi
[ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon "${RUN_DIR}/interface" "${RUN_DIR}/resolv.conf "${RUN_DIR}/enable-updates
# The interface directory now exists. We are done.
return
}
wipe_runtime_directories()
{
# Delete files in the resolvconf run directory (target) but not the directory itself
[ -d "$RUN_DIR" ] || return
rm -f "$RUN_DIR"/resolv.conf
rm -f "$ENABLE_UPDATES_FLAGFILE"
rm -f "$POSTPONED_UPDATE_FLAGFILE"
rm -rf "${RUN_DIR}/interface/*"
return
}
case "$1" in
start)
# The "start" method should only be used at boot time.
# Don't run this on package upgrade, for example.
log_action_begin_msg "Setting up resolvconf"
# Wipe runtime directories in case they aren't on a tmpfs
wipe_runtime_directories
# Create runtime directories in case they are on a tmpfs
create_runtime_directories
# Request a postponed update (needed in case the base file has content).
:> "$POSTPONED_UPDATE_FLAGFILE" || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed requesting update"
# Enable updates and perform the postponed update.
resolvconf --enable-updates || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed to enable updates"
log_action_end_msg_and_exit 0
;;
stop)
# The "stop" method should only be used at shutdown time.
log_action_begin_msg "Stopping resolvconf"
resolvconf --disable-updates || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed to disable updates"
log_action_end_msg_and_exit 0
;;
restart)
log_action_begin_msg "Restarting resolvconf"
resolvconf --enable-updates || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed to enable updates"
log_action_end_msg_and_exit 0
;;
reload|force-reload)
resolvconf -u || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed to update"
exit 0
;;
enable-updates)
resolvconf --enable-updates || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed to enable updates"
exit 0
;;
disable-updates)
resolvconf --disable-updates || log_action_end_msg_and_exit 1 "failed to disable updates"
exit 0
;;
status)
if resolvconf --updates-are-enabled ; then
log_success_msg "resolvconf updates are enabled"
else
log_failure_msg "resolvconf updates are disabled"
fi
exit 0
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/resolvconf {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|enable-updates|disable-updates|status}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
# Don't reach here
exit 99
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