Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: rsyncd
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Should-Start: $named autofs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: fast remote file copy program daemon
# Description: rsync is a program that allows files to be copied to and
# from remote machines in much the same way as rcp.
# This provides rsyncd daemon functionality.
### END INIT INFO
set -e
# /etc/init.d/rsync: start and stop the rsync daemon
DAEMON=/usr/bin/rsync
RSYNC_ENABLE=false
RSYNC_OPTS=''
RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE=/etc/default/rsync
RSYNC_CONFIG_FILE=/etc/rsyncd.conf
RSYNC_PID_FILE=/var/run/rsync.pid
RSYNC_NICE_PARM=''
RSYNC_IONICE_PARM=''
test -x $DAEMON || exit 0
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
if [ -s $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE ]; then
. $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE
case "x$RSYNC_ENABLE" in
xtrue|xfalse) ;;
xinetd) exit 0
;;
*) log_failure_msg "Value of RSYNC_ENABLE in $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE must be either 'true' or 'false';"
log_failure_msg "not starting rsync daemon."
exit 1
;;
esac
case "x$RSYNC_NICE" in
x[0-9]|x1[0-9]) RSYNC_NICE_PARM="--nicelevel $RSYNC_NICE";;
x) ;;
*) log_warning_msg "Value of RSYNC_NICE in $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE must be a value between 0 and 19 (inclusive);"
log_warning_msg "ignoring RSYNC_NICE now."
;;
esac
case "x$RSYNC_IONICE" in
x-c[123]*) RSYNC_IONICE_PARM="$RSYNC_IONICE";;
x) ;;
*) log_warning_msg "Value of RSYNC_IONICE in $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE must be -c1, -c2 or -c3;"
log_warning_msg "ignoring RSYNC_IONICE now."
;;
esac
fi
export PATH="${PATH:+$PATH:}/usr/sbin:/sbin"
rsync_start() {
if [ ! -s "$RSYNC_CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
log_failure_msg "missing or empty config file $RSYNC_CONFIG_FILE"
log_end_msg 1
exit 0
fi
# See ionice(1)
if [ -n "$RSYNC_IONICE_PARM" ] && [ -x /usr/bin/ionice ] &&
/usr/bin/ionice "$RSYNC_IONICE_PARM" true 2>/dev/null; then
/usr/bin/ionice "$RSYNC_IONICE_PARM" -p$$ > /dev/null 2>&1
fi
if start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --background \
--pidfile $RSYNC_PID_FILE --make-pidfile \
$RSYNC_NICE_PARM --exec $DAEMON \
-- --no-detach --daemon --config "$RSYNC_CONFIG_FILE" $RSYNC_OPTS
then
rc=0
sleep 1
if ! kill -0 $(cat $RSYNC_PID_FILE) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_failure_msg "rsync daemon failed to start"
rc=1
fi
else
rc=1
fi
if [ $rc -eq 0 ]; then
log_end_msg 0
else
log_end_msg 1
rm -f $RSYNC_PID_FILE
fi
} # rsync_start
case "$1" in
start)
if "$RSYNC_ENABLE"; then
log_daemon_msg "Starting rsync daemon" "rsync"
if [ -s $RSYNC_PID_FILE ] && kill -0 $(cat $RSYNC_PID_FILE) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
log_progress_msg "apparently already running"
log_end_msg 0
exit 0
fi
rsync_start
else
if [ -s "$RSYNC_CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_warning_msg "rsync daemon not enabled in $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE, not starting..."
fi
fi
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping rsync daemon" "rsync"
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry 30 --pidfile $RSYNC_PID_FILE
RETVAL="$?"
log_end_msg $RETVAL
if [ $RETVAL != 0 ]
then
exit 1
fi
rm -f $RSYNC_PID_FILE
;;
reload|force-reload)
log_warning_msg "Reloading rsync daemon: not needed, as the daemon"
log_warning_msg "re-reads the config file whenever a client connects."
;;
restart)
set +e
if $RSYNC_ENABLE; then
log_daemon_msg "Restarting rsync daemon" "rsync"
if [ -s $RSYNC_PID_FILE ] && kill -0 $(cat $RSYNC_PID_FILE) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --oknodo --retry 30 --pidfile $RSYNC_PID_FILE
else
log_warning_msg "rsync daemon not running, attempting to start."
rm -f $RSYNC_PID_FILE
fi
rsync_start
else
if [ -s "$RSYNC_CONFIG_FILE" ]; then
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_warning_msg "rsync daemon not enabled in $RSYNC_DEFAULTS_FILE, not starting..."
fi
fi
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $RSYNC_PID_FILE "$DAEMON" rsync
exit $? # notreached due to set -e
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/rsync {start|stop|reload|force-reload|restart|status}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
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