Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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#!/bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          dbus
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start:     2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: D-Bus systemwide message bus
# Description:       D-Bus is a simple interprocess messaging system, used
#                    for sending messages between applications.
### END INIT INFO
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Debian init.d script for D-BUS
# Copyright © 2003 Colin Walters <walters@debian.org>
# Copyright © 2005 Sjoerd Simons <sjoerd@debian.org>

set -e

DAEMON=/usr/bin/dbus-daemon
UUIDGEN=/usr/bin/dbus-uuidgen
UUIDGEN_OPTS=--ensure
NAME=dbus
DAEMONUSER=messagebus
PIDDIR=/var/run/dbus
PIDFILE=$PIDDIR/pid
DESC="system message bus"

test -x $DAEMON || exit 0

. /lib/lsb/init-functions

# Source defaults file; edit that file to configure this script.
PARAMS=""
if [ -e /etc/default/dbus ]; then
  . /etc/default/dbus
fi

create_machineid() {
  # Create machine-id file
  if [ -x $UUIDGEN ]; then
    $UUIDGEN $UUIDGEN_OPTS
  fi
}

start_it_up()
{
  if [ ! -d $PIDDIR ]; then
    mkdir -p $PIDDIR
    chown $DAEMONUSER $PIDDIR
    chgrp $DAEMONUSER $PIDDIR
  fi

  if ! mountpoint -q /proc/ ; then
    log_failure_msg "Can't start $DESC - /proc is not mounted"
    return
  fi

  if [ -e $PIDFILE ]; then
    if $0 status > /dev/null ; then
      log_success_msg "$DESC already started; not starting."
      return
    else
      log_success_msg "Removing stale PID file $PIDFILE."
      rm -f $PIDFILE
    fi
  fi

  create_machineid

  # Force libnss-systemd to avoid trying to communicate via D-Bus, which
  # is never going to work well from within dbus-daemon. systemd
  # special-cases this internally, but we might need to do the same when
  # booting with sysvinit if libnss-systemd is still installed.
  # (Workaround for #940971)
  export SYSTEMD_NSS_BYPASS_BUS=1

  log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME"
  start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE \
    --exec $DAEMON -- --system $PARAMS
  log_end_msg $?
}

shut_it_down()
{
  log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME"
  start-stop-daemon --stop --retry 5 --quiet --oknodo --pidfile $PIDFILE \
    --user $DAEMONUSER
  # We no longer include these arguments so that start-stop-daemon
  # can do its job even given that we may have been upgraded.
  # We rely on the pidfile being sanely managed
  # --exec $DAEMON -- --system $PARAMS
  log_end_msg $?
  rm -f $PIDFILE
}

reload_it()
{
  create_machineid
  log_action_begin_msg "Reloading $DESC config"
  dbus-send --print-reply --system --type=method_call \
            --dest=org.freedesktop.DBus \
            / org.freedesktop.DBus.ReloadConfig > /dev/null
  # hopefully this is enough time for dbus to reload it's config file.
  log_action_end_msg $?
}

case "$1" in
  start)
    start_it_up
  ;;
  stop)
    shut_it_down
  ;;
  reload|force-reload)
    reload_it
  ;;
  restart)
    shut_it_down
    start_it_up
  ;;
  status)
    status_of_proc -p $PIDFILE $DAEMON $NAME && exit 0 || exit $?
    ;;
  *)
    echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/$NAME {start|stop|reload|restart|force-reload|status}" >&2
    exit 2
  ;;
esac

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