Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: rsyslog
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $time
# Required-Stop: umountnfs $time
# X-Stop-After: sendsigs
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: enhanced syslogd
# Description: Rsyslog is an enhanced multi-threaded syslogd.
# It is quite compatible to stock sysklogd and can be
# used as a drop-in replacement.
### END INIT INFO
#
# Author: Michael Biebl <biebl@debian.org>
#
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="enhanced syslogd"
NAME=rsyslog
RSYSLOGD=rsyslogd
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/rsyslogd
PIDFILE=/run/rsyslogd.pid
SCRIPTNAME=/etc/init.d/$NAME
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME
# Define LSB log_* functions.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# other if daemon could not be started or a failure occured
start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON -- $RSYSLOGD_OPTIONS
}
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# other if daemon could not be stopped or a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON
}
#
# Tell rsyslogd to close all open files
#
do_rotate() {
start-stop-daemon --stop --signal HUP --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --exec $DAEMON
}
create_xconsole() {
XCONSOLE=/dev/xconsole
if [ "$(uname -s)" != "Linux" ]; then
XCONSOLE=/run/xconsole
ln -sf $XCONSOLE /dev/xconsole
fi
if [ ! -e $XCONSOLE ]; then
mknod -m 640 $XCONSOLE p
chown root:adm $XCONSOLE
[ -x /sbin/restorecon ] && /sbin/restorecon $XCONSOLE
fi
}
sendsigs_omit() {
OMITDIR=/run/sendsigs.omit.d
mkdir -p $OMITDIR
ln -sf $PIDFILE $OMITDIR/rsyslog
}
case "$1" in
start)
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$RSYSLOGD"
create_xconsole
do_start
case "$?" in
0) sendsigs_omit
log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_progress_msg "already started"
log_end_msg 0 ;;
*) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$RSYSLOGD"
do_stop
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_progress_msg "already stopped"
log_end_msg 0 ;;
*) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
rotate)
log_daemon_msg "Closing open files" "$RSYSLOGD"
do_rotate
log_end_msg $?
;;
restart|force-reload)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
try-restart)
$0 status >/dev/null 2>&1 && $0 restart
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p $PIDFILE $DAEMON $RSYSLOGD && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $SCRIPTNAME {start|stop|rotate|restart|force-reload|try-restart|status}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
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