Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: glances
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $local_fs $network
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $local_fs $network
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: Starts and daemonize Glances server
# Description: Starts and daemonize Glances server
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Geoffroy Youri Berret <efrim@azylum.org>
# PATH should only include /usr/* if it runs after the mountnfs.sh script
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="Glances server"
NAME=glances
USER=$NAME
DAEMON="/usr/bin/$NAME"
PIDFILE="/run/$NAME/$NAME.pid"
CONF="/etc/glances/glances.conf"
DAEMON_ARGS="-C $CONF -s -B 127.0.0.1"
RUN="true"
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
# add RUN="false" in /etc/default/glances to disable glances daemon
[ -r /etc/default/$NAME ] && . /etc/default/$NAME
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present
# and status_of_proc is working.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
# Ensure /run/glances is there, cf. Debian policy 9.4.1
# http://www.debian.org/doc/debian-policy/ch-opersys.html#s-fhs-run
if [ ! -d "$(dirname $PIDFILE)" ]; then
mkdir "$(dirname $PIDFILE)"
chown $USER:$USER "$(dirname $PIDFILE)"
chmod 755 "$(dirname $PIDFILE)"
fi
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" "$NAME "
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
[ -e $PIDFILE ] && PID=$(cat "$PIDFILE")
if ( [ -e $PIDFILE ] && ps -p $PID 1>&2 > /dev/null )
then
log_action_end_msg 1 "already running, PID's $PID"
exit 0
elif ( [ -w $PIDFILE ] )
then
log_warning_msg "PID file found while ${NAME} is not running, removing file."
rm $PIDFILE
fi
if [ "$RUN" != "true" ]; then
log_action_msg "Not starting glances: disabled by /etc/default/$NAME".
exit 0
fi
start-stop-daemon --start --chuid $USER --pidfile=$PIDFILE --quiet -m -b --exec $DAEMON -- $DAEMON_ARGS || return 2
[ -e "$PIDFILE" ] && chown $USER $PIDFILE
return 0
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" "$NAME "
if [ ! -w $PIDFILE ]
then
log_warning_msg "PID file not found"
return 4
fi
start-stop-daemon --stop --oknodo --chuid $USER --pidfile=$PID --user=$USER --pidfile="$PIDFILE" --retry=30 || return 1
rm -f $PIDFILE
return 0
}
case "$1" in
start)
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
do_stop
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
status)
status_of_proc -p "$PIDFILE" "$DAEMON" "$NAME"
;;
restart|force-reload)
do_stop
case "$?" in
0)
log_end_msg 0
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
if [ "$RUN" != "true" ]; then
log_action_msg "disabled by /etc/default/$NAME"
log_end_msg 0
elif ! [ -r /etc/default/$NAME ]; then
log_action_msg "file /etc/default/$NAME doesn't exist"
log_end_msg 0
else
log_end_msg 1
fi
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: invoke-rc.d $NAME {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
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