Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#! /bin/sh
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: qemu-guest-agent
# Required-Start: $remote_fs $syslog
# Required-Stop: $remote_fs $syslog
# Default-Start: 2 3 4 5
# Default-Stop: 0 1 6
# Short-Description: QEMU Guest Agent startup script
# Description: Start the QEMU Guest Agent if we're running
# in a QEMU virtual machine
### END INIT INFO
# Author: Michael Tokarev <mjt@tls.msk.ru>
PATH=/sbin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/usr/bin
DESC="QEMU Guest Agent"
NAME=qemu-ga
DAEMON=/usr/sbin/$NAME
PIDFILE=/var/run/$NAME.pid
# config
DAEMON_ARGS=""
# default transport
TRANSPORT=virtio-serial:/dev/virtio-ports/org.qemu.guest_agent.0
# Exit if the package is not installed
[ -x "$DAEMON" ] || exit 0
# Read configuration variable file if it is present
[ -r /etc/default/qemu-guest-agent ] && . /etc/default/qemu-guest-agent
# Load the VERBOSE setting and other rcS variables
. /lib/init/vars.sh
# Define LSB log_* functions.
# Depend on lsb-base (>= 3.2-14) to ensure that this file is present
# and status_of_proc is working.
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
#
# Function that checks whenever system has necessary environment
# It also splits $TRANSPORT into $method and $path
#
do_check_transport() {
method=${TRANSPORT%%:*}; path=${TRANSPORT#*:}
case "$method" in
virtio-serial | isa-serial)
if [ ! -e "$path" ]; then
log_warning_msg "$NAME: transport endpoint not found, not starting"
return 1
fi
;;
esac
}
#
# Function that starts the daemon/service
#
do_start()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been started
# 1 if daemon was already running
# 2 if daemon could not be started
start-stop-daemon -Sq -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON --test > /dev/null \
|| return 1
start-stop-daemon -Sq -p $PIDFILE -x $DAEMON -- --daemonize \
$DAEMON_ARGS -m "$method" -p "$path" \
|| return 2
}
#
# Function that stops the daemon/service
#
do_stop()
{
# Return
# 0 if daemon has been stopped
# 1 if daemon was already stopped
# 2 if daemon could not be stopped
# other if a failure occurred
start-stop-daemon -Kq --retry=TERM/30/KILL/5 -p $PIDFILE --name $NAME
}
case "$1" in
start)
do_check_transport || exit 0
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Starting $DESC" $NAME
do_start
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
stop)
[ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_daemon_msg "Stopping $DESC" $NAME
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 0 ;;
2) [ "$VERBOSE" != no ] && log_end_msg 1 ;;
esac
;;
status)
status_of_proc "$DAEMON" $NAME && exit 0 || exit $?
;;
restart|force-reload) # we do not support reload
do_check_transport || exit 0
log_daemon_msg "Restarting $DESC" $NAME
do_stop
case "$?" in
0|1)
do_start
case "$?" in
0) log_end_msg 0 ;;
1) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Old process is still running
*) log_end_msg 1 ;; # Failed to start
esac
;;
*)
# Failed to stop
log_end_msg 1
;;
esac
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/qemu-guest-agent {start|stop|status|restart|force-reload}" >&2
exit 3
;;
esac
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