Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Directory :  /etc/init.d/

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Current File : /etc/init.d/x11-common
#!/bin/sh
# /etc/init.d/x11-common: set up the X server and ICE socket directories
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides:          x11-common
# Required-Start:    $remote_fs
# Required-Stop:     $remote_fs
# Default-Start:     S
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: set up the X server and ICE socket directories
### END INIT INFO

set -e

PATH=/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/bin:/sbin
SOCKET_DIR=.X11-unix
ICE_DIR=.ICE-unix

. /lib/lsb/init-functions
if [ -f /etc/default/rcS ]; then
  . /etc/default/rcS
fi

do_restorecon () {
  # Restore file security context (SELinux).
  if which restorecon >/dev/null 2>&1; then
    restorecon "$1"
  fi
}

# create a directory in /tmp.
# assumes /tmp has a sticky bit set (or is only writeable by root)
set_up_dir () {
  DIR="/tmp/$1"

  if [ "$VERBOSE" != no ]; then
    log_progress_msg "$DIR"
  fi
  # if $DIR exists and isn't a directory, move it aside
  if [ -e $DIR ] && ! [ -d $DIR ] || [ -h $DIR ]; then
    mv "$DIR" "$(mktemp -d $DIR.XXXXXX)"
  fi

  error=0
  while :; do
    if [ $error -ne 0 ] ; then
      # an error means the file-system is readonly or an attacker
      # is doing evil things, distinguish by creating a temporary file,
      # but give up after a while.
      if [ $error -gt 5 ]; then
        log_failure_msg "failed to set up $DIR"
        return 1
      fi
      fn="$(mktemp /tmp/testwriteable.XXXXXXXXXX)" || return 1
      rm "$fn"
    fi
    mkdir -p -m 01777 "$DIR" || { rm "$DIR" || error=$((error + 1)) ; continue ; }
    case "$(LC_ALL=C stat -c '%u %g %a %F' "$DIR")" in
      "0 0 1777 directory")
        # everything as it is supposed to be
        break
        ;;
      "0 0 "*" directory")
        # as it is owned by root, cannot be replaced with a symlink:
        chmod 01777 "$DIR"
        break
        ;;
      *" directory")
        # if the chown succeeds, the next step can change it savely
        chown -h root:root "$DIR" || error=$((error + 1))
        continue
        ;;
      *)
        log_failure_msg "failed to set up $DIR"
        return 1
        ;;
    esac
  done
  do_restorecon "$DIR"

  return 0
}

do_status () {
    if [ -d "/tmp/$ICE_DIR" ] && [ -d "/tmp/$SOCKET_DIR" ]; then
      return 0
    else
      return 4
    fi
}

case "$1" in
  start)
    if [ "$VERBOSE" != no ]; then
      log_begin_msg "Setting up X socket directories..."
    fi
    set_up_dir "$SOCKET_DIR"
    set_up_dir "$ICE_DIR"
    if [ "$VERBOSE" != no ]; then
      log_end_msg 0
    fi
  ;;

  restart|reload|force-reload)
    /etc/init.d/x11-common start
  ;;

  stop)
   :
  ;;

  status)
    do_status
  ;;
  *)
    log_success_msg "Usage: /etc/init.d/x11-common {start|stop|status|restart|reload|force-reload}"
    exit 1
    ;;
esac

exit 0

# vim:set ai et sts=2 sw=2 tw=0:

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