Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Copyright (c) 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007
# NOVELL (All rights reserved)
# Copyright (c) 2008, 2009 Canonical, Ltd.
#
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
# modify it under the terms of version 2 of the GNU General Public
# License published by the Free Software Foundation.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program; if not, contact Novell, Inc.
# ----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Authors:
# Steve Beattie <steve.beattie@canonical.com>
# Kees Cook <kees@ubuntu.com>
#
# /etc/init.d/apparmor
#
# Note: "Required-Start: $local_fs" implies that the cache may not be available
# yet when /var is on a remote filesystem. The worst consequence this should
# have is slowing down the boot.
#
### BEGIN INIT INFO
# Provides: apparmor
# Required-Start: $local_fs
# Required-Stop: umountfs
# Default-Start: S
# Default-Stop:
# Short-Description: AppArmor initialization
# Description: AppArmor init script. This script loads all AppArmor profiles.
### END INIT INFO
APPARMOR_FUNCTIONS=/lib/apparmor/rc.apparmor.functions
# Functions needed by rc.apparmor.functions
. /lib/lsb/init-functions
aa_action() {
STRING=$1
shift
$*
rc=$?
if [ $rc -eq 0 ] ; then
aa_log_success_msg $"$STRING "
else
aa_log_failure_msg $"$STRING "
fi
return $rc
}
aa_log_action_start() {
log_action_begin_msg $@
}
aa_log_action_end() {
log_action_end_msg $@
}
aa_log_success_msg() {
log_success_msg $@
}
aa_log_warning_msg() {
log_warning_msg $@
}
aa_log_failure_msg() {
log_failure_msg $@
}
aa_log_skipped_msg() {
if [ -n "$1" ]; then
log_warning_msg "${1}: Skipped."
fi
}
aa_log_daemon_msg() {
log_daemon_msg $@
}
aa_log_end_msg() {
log_end_msg $@
}
# Source AppArmor function library
if [ -f "${APPARMOR_FUNCTIONS}" ]; then
. ${APPARMOR_FUNCTIONS}
else
aa_log_failure_msg "Unable to find AppArmor initscript functions"
exit 1
fi
usage() {
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|status}"
}
test -x ${PARSER} || exit 0 # by debian policy
# LSM is built-in, so it is either there or not enabled for this boot
test -d /sys/module/apparmor || exit 0
# do not perform start/stop/reload actions when running from liveCD
test -d /rofs/etc/apparmor.d && exit 0
rc=255
case "$1" in
start)
if [ -x /usr/bin/systemd-detect-virt ] && \
systemd-detect-virt --quiet --container && \
! is_container_with_internal_policy; then
aa_log_daemon_msg "Not starting AppArmor in container"
aa_log_end_msg 0
exit 0
fi
apparmor_start
rc=$?
;;
restart|reload|force-reload)
if [ -x /usr/bin/systemd-detect-virt ] && \
systemd-detect-virt --quiet --container && \
! is_container_with_internal_policy; then
aa_log_daemon_msg "Not starting AppArmor in container"
aa_log_end_msg 0
exit 0
fi
apparmor_restart
rc=$?
;;
stop)
aa_log_daemon_msg "Leaving AppArmor profiles loaded"
cat >&2 <<EOM
No profiles have been unloaded.
Unloading profiles will leave already running processes permanently
unconfined, which can lead to unexpected situations.
To set a process to complain mode, use the command line tool
'aa-complain'. To really tear down all profiles, run 'aa-teardown'."
EOM
;;
status)
apparmor_status
rc=$?
;;
*)
usage
rc=1
;;
esac
exit $rc
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