Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
set -e
# grub-mkconfig helper script.
# Copyright (C) 2010 Alexander Kurtz <kurtz.alex@googlemail.com>
#
# GRUB is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# GRUB is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with GRUB. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
# Include the GRUB helper library for grub-mkconfig.
. /usr/share/grub/grub-mkconfig_lib
# We want to work in /boot/grub/ only.
test -d /boot/grub; cd /boot/grub
# Set the location of a possibly necessary cache file for the background image.
# NOTE: This MUST BE A DOTFILE to avoid confusing it with user-defined images.
BACKGROUND_CACHE=".background_cache"
set_default_theme(){
case $GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR in
Tanglu|Ubuntu|Kubuntu)
# Set a monochromatic theme for Tanglu/Ubuntu.
echo "${1}set menu_color_normal=white/black"
echo "${1}set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray"
if [ -e /usr/share/plymouth/themes/default.grub ]; then
sed "s/^/${1}/" /usr/share/plymouth/themes/default.grub
fi
# For plymouth backward compatibility. Can be removed
# after xenial.
if [ -e /lib/plymouth/themes/default.grub ]; then
sed "s/^/${1}/" /lib/plymouth/themes/default.grub
fi
;;
*)
# Set the traditional Debian blue theme.
echo "${1}set menu_color_normal=cyan/blue"
echo "${1}set menu_color_highlight=white/blue"
;;
esac
}
module_available(){
local module
for module in "${1}.mod" */"${1}.mod"; do
if [ -f "${module}" ]; then
return 0
fi
done
return 1
}
set_background_image(){
# Step #1: Search all available output modes ...
local output
for output in ${GRUB_TERMINAL_OUTPUT}; do
if [ "x$output" = "xgfxterm" ]; then
break
fi
done
# ... and check if we are able to display a background image at all.
if ! [ "x${output}" = "xgfxterm" ]; then
return 1
fi
# Step #2: Check if the specified background image exists.
if ! [ -f "${1}" ]; then
return 2
fi
# Step #3: Search the correct GRUB module for our background image.
local reader
case "${1}" in
*.jpg|*.JPG|*.jpeg|*.JPEG) reader="jpeg";;
*.png|*.PNG) reader="png";;
*.tga|*.TGA) reader="tga";;
*) return 3;; # Unknown image type.
esac
# Step #4: Check if the necessary GRUB module is available.
if ! module_available "${reader}"; then
return 4
fi
# Step #5: Check if GRUB can read the background image directly.
# If so, we can remove the cache file (if any). Otherwise the background
# image needs to be cached under /boot/grub/.
if is_path_readable_by_grub "${1}"; then
rm --force "${BACKGROUND_CACHE}.jpeg" \
"${BACKGROUND_CACHE}.png" "${BACKGROUND_CACHE}.tga"
elif cp "${1}" "${BACKGROUND_CACHE}.${reader}"; then
set -- "${BACKGROUND_CACHE}.${reader}" "${2}" "${3}"
else
return 5
fi
# Step #6: Prepare GRUB to read the background image.
if ! prepare_grub_to_access_device "`${grub_probe} --target=device "${1}"`"; then
return 6
fi
# Step #7: Everything went fine, print out a message to stderr ...
echo "Found background image: ${1}" >&2
# ... and write our configuration snippet to stdout. Use the colors
# desktop-base specified. If we're using a user-defined background, use
# the default colors since we've got no idea how the image looks like.
# If loading the background image fails, use the default theme.
echo "insmod ${reader}"
echo "if background_image `make_system_path_relative_to_its_root "${1}"`; then"
if [ -n "${2}" ]; then
echo " set color_normal=${2}"
fi
if [ -n "${3}" ]; then
echo " set color_highlight=${3}"
fi
if [ -z "${2}" ] && [ -z "${3}" ]; then
echo " true"
fi
echo "else"
set_default_theme " "
echo "fi"
}
# Earlier versions of grub-pc copied the default background image to /boot/grub
# during postinst. Remove those obsolete images if they haven't been touched by
# the user. They are still available under /usr/share/images/desktop-base/ if
# desktop-base is installed.
while read checksum background; do
if [ -f "${background}" ] && [ "x`sha1sum "${background}"`" = "x${checksum} ${background}" ]; then
echo "Removing old background image: ${background}" >&2
rm "${background}"
fi
done <<EOF
648ee65dd0c157a69b019a5372cbcfea4fc754a5 debian-blueish-wallpaper-640x480.png
0431e97a6c661084c59676c4baeeb8c2f602edb8 debian-blueish-wallpaper-640x480.png
968ecf6696c5638cfe80e8e70aba239526270864 debian-blueish-wallpaper-640x480.tga
11143e8c92a073401de0b0fd42d0c052af4ccd9b moreblue-orbit-grub.png
d00d5e505ab63f2d53fa880bfac447e2d3bb197c moreblue-orbit-grub.png
f5b12c1009ec0a3b029185f6b66cd0d7e5611019 moreblue-orbit-grub.png
EOF
# Include the configuration of desktop-base if available.
if [ -f "/usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh" ]; then
. "/usr/share/desktop-base/grub_background.sh"
fi
# First check whether the user has specified a background image explicitly.
# If so, try to use it. Don't try the other possibilities in that case
# (#608263).
if [ -n "${GRUB_BACKGROUND+x}" ]; then
set_background_image "${GRUB_BACKGROUND}" || set_default_theme
exit 0
fi
# Next search for pictures the user put into /boot/grub/ and use the first one.
for background in *.jpg *.JPG *.jpeg *.JPEG *.png *.PNG *.tga *.TGA; do
if set_background_image "${background}"; then
exit 0
fi
done
# Next try to use the background image and colors specified by desktop-base.
if set_background_image "${WALLPAPER}" "${COLOR_NORMAL}" "${COLOR_HIGHLIGHT}"; then
exit 0
fi
# If we haven't found a background image yet, use the default from desktop-base.
case $GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR in
Ubuntu|Kubuntu)
;;
Tanglu)
if set_background_image "/usr/share/images/grub/grub.png"; then
exit 0
fi
;;
*)
if set_background_image "/usr/share/images/desktop-base/desktop-grub.png"; then
exit 0
fi
;;
esac
# Finally, if all of the above fails, use the default theme.
set_default_theme
Youez - 2016 - github.com/yon3zu
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