Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Directory :  /etc/apparmor.d/

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Current File : /etc/apparmor.d/usr.bin.man
# vim:syntax=apparmor

#include <tunables/global>

/usr/bin/man {
  #include <abstractions/base>

  # Use a special profile when man calls anything groff-related.  We only
  # include the programs that actually parse input data in a non-trivial
  # way, not wrappers such as groff and nroff, since the latter would need a
  # broader profile.
  /usr/bin/eqn rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/grap rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/pic rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/preconv rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/refer rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/tbl rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/troff rmCx -> &man_groff,
  /usr/bin/vgrind rmCx -> &man_groff,

  # Similarly, use a special profile when man calls decompressors and other
  # simple filters.
  /{,usr/}bin/bzip2 rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /{,usr/}bin/gzip rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /usr/bin/col rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /usr/bin/compress rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /usr/bin/iconv rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /usr/bin/lzip.lzip rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /usr/bin/tr rmCx -> &man_filter,
  /usr/bin/xz rmCx -> &man_filter,

  # Allow basically anything in terms of file system access, subject to DAC.
  # The purpose of this profile isn't to confine man itself (that might be
  # nice in the future, but is tricky since it's quite configurable), but to
  # confine the processes it calls that parse untrusted data.
  /** mrixwlk,
  unix,

  capability setuid,
  capability setgid,

  # Ordinary permission checks sometimes involve checking whether the
  # process has this capability, which can produce audit log messages.
  # Silence them.
  deny capability dac_override,
  deny capability dac_read_search,

  signal peer=@{profile_name},
  signal peer=/usr/bin/man//&man_groff,
  signal peer=/usr/bin/man//&man_filter,

  # Site-specific additions and overrides.  See local/README for details.
  #include <local/usr.bin.man>
}

profile man_groff {
  #include <abstractions/base>
  # Recent kernels revalidate open FDs, and there are often some still
  # open on TTYs.  This is temporary until man learns to close irrelevant
  # open FDs before execve.
  #include <abstractions/consoles>
  # man always runs its groff pipeline with the input file open on stdin,
  # so we can skip <abstractions/user-manpages>.

  /usr/bin/eqn rm,
  /usr/bin/grap rm,
  /usr/bin/pic rm,
  /usr/bin/preconv rm,
  /usr/bin/refer rm,
  /usr/bin/tbl rm,
  /usr/bin/troff rm,
  /usr/bin/vgrind rm,

  /etc/groff/** r,
  /etc/papersize r,
  /usr/lib/groff/site-tmac/** r,
  /usr/share/groff/** r,

  /tmp/groff* rw,

  signal peer=/usr/bin/man,
  # @{profile_name} doesn't seem to work here.
  signal peer=/usr/bin/man//&man_groff,
}

profile man_filter {
  #include <abstractions/base>
  # Recent kernels revalidate open FDs, and there are often some still
  # open on TTYs.  This is temporary until man learns to close irrelevant
  # open FDs before execve.
  #include <abstractions/consoles>

  /{,usr/}bin/bzip2 rm,
  /{,usr/}bin/gzip rm,
  /usr/bin/col rm,
  /usr/bin/compress rm,
  /usr/bin/iconv rm,
  /usr/bin/lzip.lzip rm,
  /usr/bin/tr rm,
  /usr/bin/xz rm,

  # Manual pages can be more or less anywhere, especially with "man -l", and
  # there's no harm in allowing wide read access here since the worst it can
  # do is feed data to the invoking man process.
  /** r,

  # Allow writing cat pages.
  /var/cache/man/** w,

  signal peer=/usr/bin/man,
  # @{profile_name} doesn't seem to work here.
  signal peer=/usr/bin/man//&man_filter,
}

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