Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
# Copyright (C) 1998, 2002, 2004, 2007, 2010-2018 Free Software Foundation,
# Inc.
# Copyright (C) 1993 Jean-loup Gailly
# This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
# with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
# 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
LC_ALL=C
export LC_ALL
version="znew (gzip) 1.10
Copyright (C) 2010-2018 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software. You may redistribute copies of it under the terms of
the GNU General Public License <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
Written by Jean-loup Gailly."
usage="Usage: $0 [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Recompress files from .Z (compress) format to .gz (gzip) format.
Options:
-f Force recompression even if a .gz file already exists.
-t Test the new files before deleting originals.
-v Verbose; display name and statistics for each file compressed.
-9 Use the slowest compression method (optimal compression).
-P Use pipes for the conversion to reduce disk space usage.
-K Keep a .Z file when it is smaller than the .gz file; implies -t.
--help display this help and exit
--version output version information and exit
Report bugs to <bug-gzip@gnu.org>."
check=0
pipe=0
opt=
files=
keep=0
res=0
old=0
new=0
block=1024
# block is the disk block size (best guess, need not be exact)
# Beware -s or --suffix in $GZIP.
unset GZIP
ext=.gz
for arg
do
case "$arg" in
--help) printf '%s\n' "$usage" || exit 1; exit;;
--version) printf '%s\n' "$version" || exit 1; exit;;
-*) opt="$opt $arg"; shift;;
*) break;;
esac
done
if test $# -eq 0; then
echo >&2 "$0: invalid number of operands; try \`$0 --help' for help"
exit 1
fi
opt=`printf '%s\n' "$opt" | sed -e 's/ //g' -e 's/-//g'`
case "$opt" in
*t*) check=1; opt=`printf '%s\n' "$opt" | sed 's/t//g'`
esac
case "$opt" in
*K*) keep=1; check=1; opt=`printf '%s\n' "$opt" | sed 's/K//g'`
esac
case "$opt" in
*P*) pipe=1; opt=`printf '%s\n' "$opt" | sed 's/P//g'`
esac
if test -n "$opt"; then
opt="-$opt"
fi
for i do
n=`printf '%s\n' "$i" | sed 's/.Z$//'`
if test ! -f "$n.Z" ; then
printf '%s\n' "$n.Z not found"
res=1; continue
fi
test $keep -eq 1 && old=`wc -c < "$n.Z"`
if test $pipe -eq 1; then
if gzip -d < "$n.Z" | gzip $opt > "$n$ext"; then
# Copy file attributes from old file to new one, if possible.
touch -r"$n.Z" -- "$n$ext" 2>/dev/null
chmod --reference="$n.Z" -- "$n$ext" 2>/dev/null
else
printf '%s\n' "error while recompressing $n.Z"
res=1; continue
fi
else
if test $check -eq 1; then
if cp -p "$n.Z" "$n.$$"; then
:
else
printf '%s\n' "cannot backup $n.Z"
res=1; continue
fi
fi
if gzip -d "$n.Z"; then
:
else
test $check -eq 1 && mv "$n.$$" "$n.Z"
printf '%s\n' "error while uncompressing $n.Z"
res=1; continue
fi
if gzip $opt "$n"; then
:
else
if test $check -eq 1; then
mv "$n.$$" "$n.Z" && rm -f "$n"
printf '%s\n' "error while recompressing $n"
else
# compress $n (might be dangerous if disk full)
printf '%s\n' "error while recompressing $n, left uncompressed"
fi
res=1; continue
fi
fi
test $keep -eq 1 && new=`wc -c < "$n$ext"`
if test $keep -eq 1 && test `expr \( $old + $block - 1 \) / $block` -lt \
`expr \( $new + $block - 1 \) / $block`; then
if test $pipe -eq 1; then
rm -f "$n$ext"
else
mv "$n.$$" "$n.Z" && rm -f "$n$ext"
fi
printf '%s\n' "$n.Z smaller than $n$ext -- unchanged"
elif test $check -eq 1; then
if gzip -t "$n$ext" ; then
rm -f "$n.$$" "$n.Z"
else
test $pipe -eq 0 && mv "$n.$$" "$n.Z"
rm -f "$n$ext"
printf '%s\n' "error while testing $n$ext, $n.Z unchanged"
res=1; continue
fi
elif test $pipe -eq 1; then
rm -f "$n.Z"
fi
done
exit $res
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