Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah

  • Nuur Mahmudah Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
  • Khairunnisa Universitas Islam Negeri Antasari Banjarmasin
DOI: https://doi.org/10.37850/ibtida'.v5i2.817
Keywords: Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar

Abstract

Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.

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Current File : /bin/write-mime-multipart
#!/usr/bin/python3
# largely taken from python examples
# http://docs.python.org/library/email-examples.html

import os
import sys

from email import encoders
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText
from optparse import OptionParser
import gzip

COMMASPACE = ', '

starts_with_mappings = {
    '#include': 'text/x-include-url',
    '#include-once': 'text/x-include-once-url',
    '#!': 'text/x-shellscript',
    '#cloud-config': 'text/cloud-config',
    '#cloud-config-archive': 'text/cloud-config-archive',
    '#upstart-job': 'text/upstart-job',
    '#part-handler': 'text/part-handler',
    '#cloud-boothook': 'text/cloud-boothook'
}


def try_decode(data):
    try:
        return (True, data.decode())
    except UnicodeDecodeError:
        return (False, data)


def get_type(fname, deftype):
    rtype = deftype

    with open(fname, "rb") as f:
        (can_be_decoded, line) = try_decode(f.readline())

    if can_be_decoded:
        # slist is sorted longest first
        slist = sorted(list(starts_with_mappings.keys()),
                       key=lambda e: 0 - len(e))
        for sstr in slist:
            if line.startswith(sstr):
                rtype = starts_with_mappings[sstr]
                break
    else:
        rtype = 'application/octet-stream'

    return(rtype)


def main():
    outer = MIMEMultipart()
    parser = OptionParser()

    parser.add_option("-o", "--output", dest="output",
                      help="write output to FILE [default %default]",
                      metavar="FILE", default="-")
    parser.add_option("-z", "--gzip", dest="compress", action="store_true",
                      help="compress output", default=False)
    parser.add_option("-d", "--default", dest="deftype",
                      help="default mime type [default %default]",
                      default="text/plain")
    parser.add_option("--delim", dest="delim",
                      help="delimiter [default %default]", default=":")

    (options, args) = parser.parse_args()

    if (len(args)) < 1:
        parser.error("Must give file list see '--help'")

    for arg in args:
        t = arg.split(options.delim, 1)
        path = t[0]
        if len(t) > 1:
            mtype = t[1]
        else:
            mtype = get_type(path, options.deftype)

        maintype, subtype = mtype.split('/', 1)
        if maintype == 'text':
            fp = open(path)
            # Note: we should handle calculating the charset
            msg = MIMEText(fp.read(), _subtype=subtype)
            fp.close()
        else:
            fp = open(path, 'rb')
            msg = MIMEBase(maintype, subtype)
            msg.set_payload(fp.read())
            fp.close()
            # Encode the payload using Base64
            encoders.encode_base64(msg)

        # Set the filename parameter
        msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment',
                       filename=os.path.basename(path))

        outer.attach(msg)

    if options.output is "-":
        if hasattr(sys.stdout, "buffer"):
            # We want to write bytes not strings
            ofile = sys.stdout.buffer
        else:
            ofile = sys.stdout
    else:
        ofile = open(options.output, "wb")

    if options.compress:
        gfile = gzip.GzipFile(fileobj=ofile, filename=options.output)
        gfile.write(outer.as_string().encode())
        gfile.close()
    else:
        ofile.write(outer.as_string().encode())

    ofile.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

# vi: ts=4 expandtab

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