Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/bin/sh
#
# cloud-resize-image - resize a cloud image
#
# Copyright (C) 2010 Canonical Ltd.
#
# Authors: Scott Moser <smoser@canonical.com>
#
# This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation, version 3 of the License.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Usage() {
cat <<EOF
Usage: ${0##*/} [ options ] image size [output]
Resize a partition image and contained filesystem to a new size.
if output is given, do not modify 'image', but create new file 'output'
New size is specified per resize2fs(8), e.g. "1G" for 1 gigabyte
options:
-v | --verbose show command output
EOF
return 0
}
error() { echo "$@" 1>&2; }
fail() { [ $# -eq 0 ] || error "$@"; exit 1; }
human2bytes() {
# converts size suitable for input to resize2fs to bytes
# s:512 byte sectors, K:kilobytes, M:megabytes, G:gigabytes
# none: block size of the image
local input=${1} defunit=${2:-1024}
local unit count;
case "$input" in
*s) count=${input%s}; unit=512;;
*K) count=${input%K}; unit=1024;;
*M) count=${input%M}; unit=$((1024*1024));;
*G) count=${input%G}; unit=$((1024*1024*1024));;
*) count=${input} ; unit=${2:-1024};;
esac
_RET=$((${count}*${unit}))
}
xtruncate() {
if which truncate >/dev/null 2>&1; then
truncate "${@}"
else
local size=${1} file=${2} blk=""
size=${size#--size=}
# this is a poor mans truncate supporting whatever human2bytes supports
human2bytes "${size}" && blk=$((${_RET}/512)) &&
dd if=/dev/zero of="${file}" obs=512 seek=${blk} count=0 2>/dev/null
fi
}
runcmd() {
local output=$1
shift;
if [ "$output" = "0" ]; then
local out="" ret=0;
out=$("${@}" 2>&1) || { ret=$?; error "${out}"; return $ret; }
else
"$@"
fi
}
[ "$1" = "-h" -o "$1" = "--help" ] && { Usage; exit 0; }
verbose=0
[ "$1" = "-v" -o "$1" = "--verbose" ] &&
{ verbose=1; shift; }
[ "${CLOUD_UTILS_WARN_RESIZE:-0}" = "0" ] && _n="${0##*/}" &&
[ "${_n#uec}" != "${_n}" ] && export CLOUD_UTILS_WARN_RESIZE=1 &&
error "WARNING: uec-resize-image is now 'resize-part-image'. Please update your tools or docs."
[ $# -eq 3 -o $# -eq 2 ] || { Usage 1>&2; exit 1; }
old="$1"
size="$2"
new="${3:-${old}}"
[ -f "${old}" ] || fail "${old}: does not exist"
human2bytes "${size}" && new_size=${_RET} ||
fail "failed to understand ${size}"
if [ ! "${old}" -ef "${new}" ]; then
file_out=$(file "${old}") || fail "failed to read ${old} with 'file'"
case "${file_out}" in
*gzip\ compressed*)
file_out_z=$(file -z "${old}")
case "${file_out_z}" in
*tar\ archive*)
: > "${new}" && newd=$(dirname "${new}") ||
fail "failed to get full path for ${new}"
tmpd=$(mktemp -d "${newd}/.${0##*/}.XXXXXX") &&
( cd "${tmpd}" && tar -S --wildcards -xzf - "*.img" &&
mv *.img "../${new}" ) < "${old}" || {
rm -Rf "${tmpd}";
fail "failed to extract image from ${old}"
}
rm -Rf "${tmpd}"
;;
*)
zcat -f "$old" | cp --sparse=always /dev/stdin "$new";;
esac
;;
*) cp --sparse=always "${old}" "${new}";;
esac
[ $? -eq 0 ] || fail "failed to cp ${old} -> ${new}"
else
# if old=new (in place), it must be a simple image file
case "${old}" in
*.gz) fail "refusing work in place compressed or archive file: ${old}";;
esac
fi
ls_out=$(ls -l "${new}") &&
old_size=$(echo "${ls_out}" | awk '{print $5}') ||
fail "failed to get size of ${new_img}"
runcmd "${verbose}" e2fsck -fp "${new}" ||
fail "failed to fsck ${new}"
if [ "${old_size}" -lt "${new_size}" ]; then
xtruncate "--size=$size" "$new" || fail "failed to change size of ${new}"
fi
runcmd "${verbose}" resize2fs "$new" "$size" ||
fail "failed to resize ${new} -> ${size}"
if [ "${old_size}" -gt "${new_size}" ]; then
xtruncate "--size=$size" "$new" || fail "failed to change size of ${new}"
fi
echo "resized ${new} to ${size}"
exit 0
# vi: ts=4 noexpandtab
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