Efektivitas Strategi Ta’bir Mushawwar dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Arab di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah
Keywords:
Arabic; speaking skill; ta’bir mushawwar
Abstract
Speaking proficiency is one of the main skills in Arabic language learning, but fourth grade students of MI TPI Keramat face difficulties in assembling mufradat and practicing active conversation, mainly due to the lack of varied learning strategies. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the ta'bir mushawwar strategy, which uses picture as a media to facilitate students in constructing sentences and telling stories, in improving Arabic speaking skills. With a quantitative approach and pre-experiment design, this study involved 18 students of class IV-C. Data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed descriptively and N-Gain test. The posttest average was 83.06 (very good category) with 88.9% completeness, and the N-Gain score was 0.6398 which showed effectiveness in the medium category. The ta'bir mushawwar strategy offers a solution in the form of a visual and hands-on learning approach that can significantly improve students' speaking skills and make learning more interesting and interactive.
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#!/usr/bin/perl
eval 'exec perl -S $0 "$@"'
if 0;
#############################################################################
# pod2usage -- command to print usage messages from embedded pod docs
#
# Copyright (c) 1996-2000 by Bradford Appleton. All rights reserved.
# Copyright (c) 2001-2016 by Marek Rouchal.
# This file is part of "Pod-Usage". Pod-Usage is free software;
# you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the same terms
# as Perl itself.
#############################################################################
use strict;
#use diagnostics;
=head1 NAME
pod2usage - print usage messages from embedded pod docs in files
=head1 SYNOPSIS
=over 12
=item B<pod2usage>
[B<-help>]
[B<-man>]
[B<-exit>S< >I<exitval>]
[B<-output>S< >I<outfile>]
[B<-verbose> I<level>]
[B<-pathlist> I<dirlist>]
[B<-formatter> I<module>]
[B<-utf8>]
I<file>
=back
=head1 OPTIONS AND ARGUMENTS
=over 8
=item B<-help>
Print a brief help message and exit.
=item B<-man>
Print this command's manual page and exit.
=item B<-exit> I<exitval>
The exit status value to return.
=item B<-output> I<outfile>
The output file to print to. If the special names "-" or ">&1" or ">&STDOUT"
are used then standard output is used. If ">&2" or ">&STDERR" is used then
standard error is used.
=item B<-verbose> I<level>
The desired level of verbosity to use:
1 : print SYNOPSIS only
2 : print SYNOPSIS sections and any OPTIONS/ARGUMENTS sections
3 : print the entire manpage (similar to running pod2text)
=item B<-pathlist> I<dirlist>
Specifies one or more directories to search for the input file if it
was not supplied with an absolute path. Each directory path in the given
list should be separated by a ':' on Unix (';' on MSWin32 and DOS).
=item B<-formatter> I<module>
Which text formatter to use. Default is L<Pod::Text>, or for very old
Perl versions L<Pod::PlainText>. An alternative would be e.g.
L<Pod::Text::Termcap>.
=item B<-utf8>
This option assumes that the formatter (see above) understands the option
"utf8". It turns on generation of utf8 output.
=item I<file>
The pathname of a file containing pod documentation to be output in
usage message format (defaults to standard input).
=back
=head1 DESCRIPTION
B<pod2usage> will read the given input file looking for pod
documentation and will print the corresponding usage message.
If no input file is specified then standard input is read.
B<pod2usage> invokes the B<pod2usage()> function in the B<Pod::Usage>
module. Please see L<Pod::Usage/pod2usage()>.
=head1 SEE ALSO
L<Pod::Usage>, L<pod2text(1)>
=head1 AUTHOR
Please report bugs using L<http://rt.cpan.org>.
Brad Appleton E<lt>bradapp@enteract.comE<gt>
Based on code for B<pod2text(1)> written by
Tom Christiansen E<lt>tchrist@mox.perl.comE<gt>
=cut
use Getopt::Long;
## Define options
my %options = ();
my @opt_specs = (
'help',
'man',
'exit=i',
'output=s',
'pathlist=s',
'formatter=s',
'verbose=i',
'utf8!'
);
## Parse options
GetOptions(\%options, @opt_specs) || pod2usage(2);
$Pod::Usage::Formatter = $options{formatter} if $options{formatter};
require Pod::Usage;
Pod::Usage->import();
pod2usage(1) if ($options{help});
pod2usage(VERBOSE => 2) if ($options{man});
## Dont default to STDIN if connected to a terminal
pod2usage(2) if ((@ARGV == 0) && (-t STDIN));
@ARGV = ('-') unless (@ARGV);
if (@ARGV > 1) {
print STDERR "pod2usage: Too many filenames given\n\n";
pod2usage(2);
}
my %usage = ();
$usage{-input} = shift(@ARGV);
$usage{-exitval} = $options{'exit'} if (defined $options{'exit'});
$usage{-output} = $options{'output'} if (defined $options{'output'});
$usage{-verbose} = $options{'verbose'} if (defined $options{'verbose'});
$usage{-pathlist} = $options{'pathlist'} if (defined $options{'pathlist'});
$usage{-utf8} = $options{'utf8'} if (defined $options{'utf8'});
pod2usage(\%usage);
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